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Results show 1 mg/ml for 24 h has no effect, whereas 50 mg/ml for 72 h suppresses proliferation and induces 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were the effects of royal jelly on ovarian cancer cells tested in this study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Skov-3 cells were incubated with multiple RJ doses (1–50 mg/ml) for 24, 48, and 72 hours, then viability and molecular markers were measured.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which assays were used to evaluate proliferation and apoptosis?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Proliferation was assessed using Ki-67, while apoptosis was assessed using cleaved-Caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, with TUNEL supporting the apoptosis findings.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What RJ treatment conditions showed the strongest anti-cancer effect?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"A 50 mg/ml dose for 72 hours inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis, while 1 mg/ml for 24 hours showed no meaningful 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\nEffects of royal jelly on ovary cancer cells proliferation and apoptosis  \nEnder Deniz Asmaz1 · Sabire Güler2 · Berrin Zık2  \nReceived: 2 November 2024 / Accepted: 24 February 2025 / Published online: 4 March 2025 © The Author(s) 2025  \nAbstract  \nThe aim of the present study is to investigate the proliferative or apoptotic effects of different doses and durations of Royal jelly (RJ) on serous type epithelial ovarian cancer, which is the most common epithelial ovarian cancer. For this purpose, cells of the Skov-3 human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line were grown in McCoy medium and seeded in 6-well plates. RJ was prepared as a stock solution (1000 mg RJ/10 ml dH2O) and 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg/ml RJ doses from the prepared stock solution were added to the medium for 24, 48, and 72 h incubated. After the treatment of RJ, the cell viability test (Tripan Blue), Ki-67 to determine the proliferative effect, cleaved-Caspase-3 and cleaved PARP expressions to determine its apoptotic effect were examined by immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence methods. In addition, findings were supported by the TUNEL method. As a result of the experiments, it was determined that 1 mg/ml and 24 h treatment of RJ did not affect cell proliferation and apoptosis, but generally, 50 mg/ml of RJ for 72 h inhibited proliferation in cancer cells and induced apoptosis. The use of royal jelly both monotherapeutically and in combination as an alternative treatment for ovarian cancer may provide the basis for new experimental protocols.  \nKeywords Apoptosis · Ovarian cancer · Proliferation · Royal jelly  \nAbbreviations  \nRJ Royal jelly  \nDNA Deoxyribonucleic acid  \nCO2 Carbon dioxide  \nmg Milligram  \nml Milliliter  \nkg Kilogram  \n°C Celsius  \nh Hour  \nPBS Phosphate-buffered saline DAB 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine ICC Immunocytochemistry IF Immunofluorescence  \nBSA Bovine serum albümin  \nPARP Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase  \nTUNEL Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling  \n* Berrin Zık[bzik@uludag.edu.tr](bzik@uludag.edu.tr)  \n1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine Ankara Medipol University Ankara, Ankara, Turkey  \n2 Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey  \nTdT Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase DNase Deoxyribonuclease  \nIntroduction  \nCancer ranks second after cardiovascular diseases as the cause of death threatening human health [1] . Ovarian cancer, one of these cancer types, ranks fourth among the most common cancer types in women and is of clinical importance due to its high mortality rates [2, 3] . Ovarian cancers are classified into 3 groups: epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC), gonadal stromal tumors and germ cell tumors. Epithelial ovarian cancer is approximately 90% of all ovarian malignant diseases and is one of the leading causes of death in gynecological cancers [4] . EOCs, according to the cell types in the reproductive system classified into five groups; Serous (incidence: 7/10), mucinous (incidence: 1/10), endometrioid (incidence: 1/20), clear cell (incidence: 3/100), and transitional cell (incidence: 1/10) . Treatment is based on a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Most advanced ovarian cancer patients develop resistance to chemotherapy drugs used after surgery and tumor recurrence occurs overtime [3] .  \nInvasion of cancerous cells to surrounding tissues during treatment, development of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, and tumor recurrence over time lead researchers to seek the use of a natural compound with strong antioxidant, antitumor, or anticarcinogenic properties that can be protective before or alongside chemotherapeutic agents. Aroniamelanocarpa (black currant cherry) fruit, which has antioxidant and anthocyanin properties, causes antiproliferative effects in colon cancer [5, 6], Hypericum olympicum ","cbCaina9zQa4qver","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaina9zQa4qver","pdf",3386185,11,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Ovarian cancer burden and classification\n## Rationale for natural compounds and RJ background","[{\"question\":\"How were the effects of royal jelly on ovarian cancer cells tested in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Skov-3 cells were incubated with multiple RJ doses (1–50 mg/ml) for 24, 48, and 72 hours, then viability and molecular markers were measured.\"},{\"question\":\"Which assays were used to evaluate proliferation and apoptosis?\",\"answer\":\"Proliferation was assessed using Ki-67, while apoptosis was assessed using cleaved-Caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, with TUNEL supporting the apoptosis findings.\"},{\"question\":\"What RJ treatment conditions showed the strongest anti-cancer effect?\",\"answer\":\"A 50 mg/ml dose for 72 hours inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis, while 1 mg/ml for 24 hours showed no meaningful effect.\"}]","Effects of royal jelly on ovary cancer cells proliferation and apoptosis | PDF",1790201300,28]