[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-350030-105":59,"doc-detail-350030-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","effects-of-naringenin-in-preclinical-models-of-breast-cancer","Effects of Naringenin in Preclinical Models of Breast Cancer","","Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women, affecting about one in eight during their lifetime. Despite progress in treatment, it caused an estimated 670,000 deaths worldwide in 2022, creating urgent demand for new therapies. Plant-derived compounds remain a key source, and naringenin—a citrus flavonoid—has shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. This review synthesizes evidence from in vitro and animal models supporting anti-tumor effects and calls for clinical validation of efficacy and safety.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/effects-of-naringenin-in-preclinical-models-of-breast-cancer/350030/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/effects-of-naringenin-in-preclinical-models-of-breast-cancer/350030.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jacob","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-23","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is naringenin, and why is it studied for breast cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Naringenin is a citrus flavonoid studied because evidence suggests antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties that may affect breast cancer biology.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What mechanisms does the review report from preclinical studies?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Preclinical in vitro and animal evidence indicates anti-tumor activity through inhibition of cell proliferation, promotion of apoptosis, modulation of key cell signaling pathways, and improved radio-sensitivity.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What evidence is still missing before naringenin can be used clinically?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Comprehensive clinical studies in humans are urgently needed to confirm naringenin’s efficacy and safety, despite strong preclinical support.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},350030,1790138881,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962084931830,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Review  \nEffects of Naringenin in Preclinical Models of Breast Cancer  \nEmily C. Irwin 1, Newman Siu Kwan Sze 1 and Evangelia Tsiani 1,2, *  \nAcademic Editor: Javier Martínez Useros  \nReceived: 7 February 2026  \nRevised: 11 March 2026  \nAccepted: 17 March 2026  \nPublished: 23 March 2026  \nCopyright: © 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; [ei19oy@brocku.ca](ei19oy@brocku.ca) (E.C.I.); [nsze@brocku.ca](nsze@brocku.ca) (N.S.K.S.)  \n2 Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada  \n* Correspondence: [etsiani@brocku.ca](etsiani@brocku.ca); Tel.: +1-905-688-5550 (ext. 3881)  \nAbstract  \nBreast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women, with approximately one in eight women developing the disease during their lifetime. Despite advancements in current treatment options, breast cancer was responsible for an estimated 670,000 deaths worldwide in 2022 . This highlights the urgent need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Historically, plant-derived compounds have played a significant role in cancer therapy, exemplified by widely used chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxeland docetaxel. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward novel plantderived compounds as potential anti-cancer agents. Among these, Naringenin, a flavonoid predominantly found in citrus fruits, has shown promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. This review highlights recent studies investigating the effects of Naringenin and its derivatives on breast cancer. Evidence from both in vitro and in vivo animal models suggests that Naringenin may exert anti-tumor activity by inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis, modulating key cell signaling pathways, and enhancing radio-sensitivity in breast cancer cells. Although preclinical evidence strongly supports the anticancer potential of Naringenin in breast cancer, comprehensive clinical studies are urgently needed to validate its efficacy and safety in humans.  \nKeywords: breast cancer; naringenin; apoptosis; proliferation; metastasis  \n1. Introduction  \nBreast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide, with approximately one in eight women diagnosed during their lifetime [1] . Despite advances in early detection and treatment, breast cancer accounted for an estimated 670,000 deaths globally in 2022 and, in 2025, was the second leading cause of cancer death among women living in Canada, underscoring the continued need for improved therapeutic strategies [1,2] . The disease is highly heterogeneous and is classified into four major molecular subtypes based on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and differs in prognosis, clinical behavior, and therapeutic responsiveness, necessitating individualized treatment approaches [3] . Luminal A (ER+/PR+/HER2−) is the most common subtype, accounting for approximately 40–50% of new cases, and is typically characterized by low proliferation and the most favorable prognosis; treatment primarily relies on endocrine therapy, sometimes with limited chemotherapy depending on risk [4,5] . Luminal B (ER+/PR+/HER2±) represents 20–30% of cases and has higher proliferation and a worse prognosis than Luminal A; treatment often involves endocrine therapy combined with chemotherapy, and HER2-targeted therapy  \nif HER2 is overexpressed [5] . HER2-enriched breast cancer (ER−/PR−/HER2+) accounts for roughly 10–15% of cases and is driven by amplification of the HER2 signaling pathway; it is treated with HER2-targeted agents combined ","cbCaidrOr6qfZ3ZY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidrOr6qfZ3ZY","pdf",1341346,35,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is naringenin, and why is it studied for breast cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Naringenin is a citrus flavonoid studied because evidence suggests antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties that may affect breast cancer biology.\"},{\"question\":\"What mechanisms does the review report from preclinical studies?\",\"answer\":\"Preclinical in vitro and animal evidence indicates anti-tumor activity through inhibition of cell proliferation, promotion of apoptosis, modulation of key cell signaling pathways, and improved radio-sensitivity.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence is still missing before naringenin can be used clinically?\",\"answer\":\"Comprehensive clinical studies in humans are urgently needed to confirm naringenin’s efficacy and safety, despite strong preclinical support.\"}]","Effects of Naringenin in Preclinical Models of Breast Cancer | PDF",1790086826,88]