[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-433837-105":59,"doc-detail-433837-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","effects-of-hypoglycemic-agents-on-pulmonary-diseases-a-comprehensive-narrative-review","Effects of Hypoglycemic Agents on Pulmonary Diseases - A Comprehensive Narrative Review","","Beyond glycemic control, hypoglycemic agents show multifaceted effects that may shape pulmonary health in patients with diabetes mellitus. This narrative review synthesizes preclinical and clinical evidence on major drug classes—including biguanides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and insulin—across pulmonary disease outcomes. Findings suggest class-specific, often conflicting impacts in acute lung injury and in asthma, COPD, and respiratory infections, including COVID-19.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/effects-of-hypoglycemic-agents-on-pulmonary-diseases-a-comprehensive-narrative-review/433837/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/effects-of-hypoglycemic-agents-on-pulmonary-diseases-a-comprehensive-narrative-review/433837.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Oliver","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How do hypoglycemic agents influence pulmonary health beyond glucose control?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"They can affect lung outcomes through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune-regulatory, and cellular repair mechanisms that relate to hyperglycemia-associated injury.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What pulmonary diseases are addressed in the narrative review?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review considers acute lung injury and discusses variable effects in asthma, COPD, and respiratory infections, including COVID-19.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why do the effects of different hypoglycemic drug classes appear conflicting?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Evidence suggests class-specific actions with differing mechanisms; animal studies highlight modulation of inflammatory, oxidative, and immune pathways, while clinical data show variable efficacy and potential risks in some outcomes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},433837,1790718558,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461610,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Journal of Inflammation Research  \nOpen Access Full Text Article REVIEW  \nEffects of Hypoglycemic Agents on Pulmonary Diseases: A Comprehensive Narrative Review  \nYu Yang 1 , 2 , Kan Wang 3 , Shuchun Chen 2 ,4 , 5  \n1Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Endoscopy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China; 5Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China  \nCorrespondence: Shuchun Chen, Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 311 85988406, Email [chenshuc2014@163.com](chenshuc2014@163.com)  \n\n| Abstract: Beyond glycemic control, hypoglycemic agents exhibit multifaceted effects that may influence pulmonary health in patients with diabetes mellitus. This narrative review synthesizes available evidence from preclinical and clinical studies on the impact of major hypoglycemic drug classes—including biguanides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and insulin—on pulmonary diseases. Evidence suggests that these agents exert classspecific, and often conflicting, effects: preclinical studies support their protective potential in acute lung injury, while clinical data indicate variable efficacy in asthma, COPD, and respiratory infections including COVID-19 . Conversely, some agents may be associated with increased risks of lung cancer or COPD exacerbations, underscoring the need for context-specific prescribing. Mechanistic insights from animal models primarily involve modulation of inflammatory, oxidative, and immune pathways. This narrative review aims to provide a clinical framework for personalizing hypoglycemic therapy in patients with comorbid pulmonary conditions, while underscoring the need for well-designed prospective studies to resolve existing controversies.\u003Cbr>Keywords: hypoglycemic agents, pulmonary diseases, diabetes mellitus, drug class-specific effects, mechanisms of action |\n| --- |\n| Introduction\u003Cbr>Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a global epidemic, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that drives widespread metabolic and vascular complications. Accumulating evidence identifies the lungs—endowed with an intricate network of alveolar capillaries and high metabolic activity—as critical targets of diabetic injury, with studies consistently demonstrating reduced lung function in patients with diabetes compared to nondiabetic individuals.1–3 In addition to impairing lung function, sustained hyperglycemia.also elevates the risk of various pulmonary complications: patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) face a higher likelihood of developing asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, and pneumonia, while preexisting pulmonary conditions (eg, COPD, asthma) are further exacerbated by diabetic metabolic disturbances.4 Pulmonary complications of diabetes not only increase hospital readmission rates and long-term mortality but also impose a heavy healthcare burden, yet they remain underrecognized in routine diabetes management.\u003Cbr>Hyperglycemia exerts multiple adverse effects on the lungs: it promotes airway hyperresponsiveness via the Rock pathway, accelerates lung fibrosis by activating STAT3, CTGF and TGFβ, enhances cancer cell growth, chronic inflammation, cytokine release and oxidative stress through the NFκB pathway, NOX activation and ROS/RNS production, and increases susceptibility to pulmonary infections by elevating airway surface liquid glucose concentrations and impairing lung immune cell function.5 Thes","cbCaibTkRJOPJcRX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibTkRJOPJcRX","pdf",1716650,26,"English","# Introduction\n## Diabetes mellitus as a driver of pulmonary injury\n## Hyperglycemia-related pulmonary pathways\n# Review Summary and Evidence Base\n## Preclinical protective mechanisms\n## Clinical variability across asthma, COPD, and infections\n# Mechanistic Insights\n## Inflammatory, oxidative, and immune modulation\n# Clinical Implications and Future Research\n## Need for context-specific prescribing\n## Requirement for well-designed prospective studies","[{\"question\":\"How do hypoglycemic agents influence pulmonary health beyond glucose control?\",\"answer\":\"They can affect lung outcomes through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune-regulatory, and cellular repair mechanisms that relate to hyperglycemia-associated injury.\"},{\"question\":\"What pulmonary diseases are addressed in the narrative review?\",\"answer\":\"The review considers acute lung injury and discusses variable effects in asthma, COPD, and respiratory infections, including COVID-19.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do the effects of different hypoglycemic drug classes appear conflicting?\",\"answer\":\"Evidence suggests class-specific actions with differing mechanisms; animal studies highlight modulation of inflammatory, oxidative, and immune pathways, while clinical data show variable efficacy and potential risks in some outcomes.\"}]","Effects of Hypoglycemic Agents on Pulmonary Diseases - A Comprehensive Narrative Review | PDF",1790665678,66]