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Data from 514 male patients treated between 2015 and 2023 were analyzed using propensity score matching, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, and Cox regression. 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BMC Urology (2026) 26:50 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-026-02059-8](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-026-02059-8)  \nBMC Urology  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nEffects of dutasteride with Bacillus Calmette-    \nGuérin therapy on recurrence, progression, metastasis, and survival in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a retrospective single-center study  \nAli Nebioğlu 1*, Mert Başaranoğlu2, Murat Bozlu2, Mesut Tek2 and Erdem Akbay2  \nAbstract  \nBackground To evaluate the impact of dutasteride, a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, used alongside intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy on recurrence, progression, metastasis, and disease-free survival in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients.  \nMethods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 514 male non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients treated at a tertiary care Urology Clinic from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2023. All participants received intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy induction therapy weekly for six weeks post-transurethral bladder tumor resection, followed by maintenance therapy. Sociodemographic data were collected, and patients were divided into dutasteride users and non-users. Propensity Score Matching minimized group differences. Survival times were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression models were applied for further analysis.  \nResults Of the 514 patients, 257 used dutasteride. Median follow-up time was 67 months (IQR: 48–89 months) . Dutasteride users were associated with significantly improved disease-free survival, recurrence-free survival, and progression-free survival (all p \u003C 0. 001) . Metastasis incidence was significantly lower in dutasteride users (p \u003C 0. 001) . Incidental bladder cancer detection rates during BPH assessment were similar between groups (28 .4% vs. 28.4%) . Conclusions Dutasteride use, in conjunction with transurethral bladder tumor resection and Bacillus CalmetteGuérin therapy, is associated with improved survival outcomes and reduced metastasis risk in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant therapeutic option.  \nTrial registration Not applicable.  \nKeywords Androgen receptor, Bacillus Calmette Guérin, Bladder cancer, Dutasteride  \n*Correspondence: Ali Nebioğlu[alinebioglu90@gmail.com](alinebioglu90@gmail.com)  \n1Department of Urology, Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Korukent Mah. 96015 St. Mersin Integrated Health Campus, Mersin, Toroslar 33240, Turkey  \n2Department of Urology, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Ciftlikkoy Campus, Mersin, Yenişehir 33343, Turkey  \n© The Author(s) 2026. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creati](http://creati)[vecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](vecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)[.](vecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)  \nNebioğlu et al. BMC Urology (2026) 26:50  \nBackground  \nBladder cancer (BC) is the most common genitourinary system cancer in men worldwide after prostate cancer and ranks as the 7th most frequently diagnosed cancer in men [1]. It presen","cbCaisLNS9ZPX9nH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisLNS9ZPX9nH","pdf",2267349,11,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Background\n## Disease burden and standard therapies\n## Rationale for androgen signaling and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors","[{\"question\":\"What patient population and study design were used to assess dutasteride with BCG therapy?\",\"answer\":\"The study retrospectively analyzed 514 male non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients treated at a tertiary urology clinic from January 1, 2015 to January 1, 2023.\"},{\"question\":\"How were recurrence, progression, metastasis, and survival outcomes evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"Survival times were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and further analyzed using Cox regression, with propensity score matching to reduce baseline group differences.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings regarding outcomes for dutasteride users compared with non-users?\",\"answer\":\"Dutasteride users showed significantly improved disease-free, recurrence-free, and progression-free survival (all p \\u003c 0.001) and a significantly lower metastasis incidence (p \\u003c 0.001).\"}]","Effects of dutasteride with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy on recurrence, progression, metastasis, and survival in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer - retrospective single-center study | PDF",1790135038,28]