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Forty-one participants were assigned to two matched groups (22 with Parkinson’s disease, 19 without). BSI (Brief Symptom Inventory) scores and pre/post questionnaires were collected, alongside clay ball manipulation and follow-up experience questions. Quantitative and qualitative results showed significant reductions in somatic and emotional symptoms in both groups, supporting clay-based art therapy and recommending caregiver-focused future research.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/effects-of-clay-manipulation-on-somatic-dysfunction-and-emotional-distress-in-patients-with-parkinsons-disease/592221/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/effects-of-clay-manipulation-on-somatic-dysfunction-and-emotional-distress-in-patients-with-parkinsons-disease/592221.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Grenda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"How was the study designed and who participated?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The outcome study included 41 participants divided into two matched groups: 22 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 19 without Parkinson’s disease.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"What intervention did participants complete?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Each participant completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) before and after, manipulated a ball of clay, and answered follow-up questions about their experience.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What were the main findings regarding symptoms?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Both groups showed significant decreases in somatic and emotional symptoms, with quantitative and qualitative results indicating positive outcomes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},592221,1792074113,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":142},7971474921005,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Effects of Clay Manipulation on Somatic Dysfunction and Emotional Distress in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease  \nDeborah L. Elkis-Abuhoff, Robert B. Goldblatt, Morgan Gaydos , and Samantha Corrato, Hempstead, NY  \nAbstract  \nThe focus of this outcome study was on art therapy as asupportfor medical treatment and palliative care. A total of 41 patients wereplaced in 2 matchedgroups: 22 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 19 patients without Parkinson’s disease. Each participant completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) (Derogatis, 1993) pre-and post-session, and was asked to manipulate a ball of clay and to respond to follow up questions on the experience. Quantitative and qualitative results showed a positive outcome with significant decrease in somatic and emotional symptoms in both groups. This research supports the value of an art therapeutic clay program for patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease and recommends future studies addressing art therapy with caregivers.  \nLiterature Review  \nParkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that significantly alters an individual’s motor ability, mood, and overall quality of life. It was first discovered in the early 1800s by British physician James Parkinson, who characterized the disease as “shaky palsy”(Loranzo & Kalia, 2005) . It is estimated today that at least four million people have been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease worldwide (Loranzo & Kalia, 2005) . The disorder generally develops later in a person’s life; however, the prevalence is not limited to one specific age group. Approximately 1 in 1000 people over the age of 65 are diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease; it is estimated that 1 in 100 of the world population over the age of 75 is at risk for developing Parkinson’s disease (Doherty & Lyle, 2004) . In the past two decades, a growing number of individuals have been diagnosed with this disorder around the age of 40 . (Nagayama et al., 1999) . Fifteen percent of the Parkinson’s disease population is diagnosed before the age of 50 (Doherty & Lyle, 2004) .  \nEditor’s note: Deborah L. Elkis-Abuhoff, PhD, ATR-BC, LCAT, is an assistant professor in the Creative Arts Therapy Program at Hofstra University in New York. Robert B. Goldblatt, PhD, is an associate professor of family medicine atthe New York College of Osteopathic Medicine of New York Institute of Technology. Ms. Morgan Gaydos, MA, is affiliated with Nassau University Medical Center. Ms. Samantha Corrato, MA, is a creative arts therapy graduate of Hofstra University. Correspondence concerning this article may be addressed to the first author at [cprdle@hofstra.edu](cprdle@hofstra.edu)  \nParkinson’s disease (PD) affects a person’s physical movements and accelerates dopamine cell depletion. Some common symptoms include stiffness, clumsiness, and/or tremors, which can lead to difficulty walking, fatigue, depression, or limb discomfort (Lyons, Tickle-Degnen, Henry, & Cohn, 2004) . The course of the disease is described as a slowing of emotional and voluntary movement, and is a combination of such symptoms as muscle rigidity, postural abnormality or instability, and tremors (Nagayama et al., 1999) . Parkinson’s affects the nerve cells located in the substantia nigra region of the central brain (Loranzo & Kalia, 2005) . These affected cells produce dopamine, a main neurotransmitter that broadcasts signals from the brain to various muscles in the body (Gramling, 2006) . Dopamine cells are a significant component of the basal ganglia, which is a circuit of the brain that coordinates movement (Loranzo & Kalia, 2005) . Decreased motor ability is a result of damaged dopamine pathways; when a person’s dopamine levels decrease, it becomes increasingly difficult to control muscle movements (Gramling, 2006) . Symptoms are worsened by stress and generally can decrease, or even disappear with increased motor activity.  \nBecause of these physical symptoms, individuals with PD can appear to others as lazy, anxious, o","cbCaionkHDVDEfb1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaionkHDVDEfb1","pdf",237626,"English","# Abstract\n# Literature Review","[{\"question\":\"How was the study designed and who participated?\",\"answer\":\"The outcome study included 41 participants divided into two matched groups: 22 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 19 without Parkinson’s disease.\"},{\"question\":\"What intervention did participants complete?\",\"answer\":\"Each participant completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) before and after, manipulated a ball of clay, and answered follow-up questions about their experience.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings regarding symptoms?\",\"answer\":\"Both groups showed significant decreases in somatic and emotional symptoms, with quantitative and qualitative results indicating positive outcomes.\"}]","Effects of Clay Manipulation on Somatic Dysfunction and Emotional Distress in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease | PDF",18]