[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-45718-en":3,"doc-seo-45718-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},45718,4398048950312,"Violet","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002538284de19e3c?_k=1778320343897328908",8,"Research & Report","Effects of Charge and Electrostatic Potential on Lightning Propagation","Three-dimensional lightning mapping is compared with balloon-sounding–inferred cloud charge structures and electric potential profiles in New Mexico mountain thunderstorms. For both individual intracloud and cloud-to-ground flashes and for a 36-flash storm sequence, lightning channel altitudes align with electric potential extrema. Recurring charge deposition at these potential levels increases observed storm charge-structure complexity, and midlevel breakdown is partitioned by flash type within the deep negative potential well, consistent with polarity perturbations and horizontal branching before the local minimum.","JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. D9, 4298, doi:10 . 1029/2002JD002718, 2003  \nEffects of charge and electrostatic potential on lightning propagation  \nL. M. Coleman, T. C. Marshall, and M. Stolzenburg Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA  \nT. Hamlin, P. R. Krehbiel, W. Rison, and R. J. Thomas  \nLangmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA  \nReceived 3 July 2002; revised 1 November 2002; accepted 9 January 2003; published 15 May 2003 .  \n[1] Three-dimensional lightning mapping observations are compared to cloud charge structures and electric potential profiles inferred from balloon soundings of electric field in New Mexico mountain thunderstorms. For six individual intracloud and cloud-to-ground flashes and for a sequence of 36 flashes in one storm, the comparisons consistently show good agreement between the altitudes of horizontal lightning channels and the altitudes of electric potential extrema or wells. Lightning flashes appear to deposit charge of opposite polarity in relatively localized volumes within the preexisting lower positive, midlevel negative, and upper positive charge regions associated with the potential wells. The net effect of recurring lightning charge deposition at the approximate levels of potential extrema is to increase the complexity in the observed storm charge structure. The midlevel breakdown of both normal intracloud flashes and negative cloud-to-ground flashes is observed to be segregated by flash type into the upper and lower parts of the deep potential well associated with the midlevel negative charge. The segregation is consistent with perturbations observed in the bottom of the negative potential well due to embedded positive charge that was probably deposited by earlier flashes. It is also consistent with an expected tendency for vertical breakdown to begin branching horizontally before reaching the local potential minimum. The joint observations reconcile the apparent dichotomy between the complex charge structures often inferred from balloon soundings through storms and the simpler structures often inferred from lightning measurements. INDEX TERMS: 3304 Meteorology and Atmospheric  \nDynamics: Atmospheric electricity; 3314 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Convective processes;  \n3324 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Lightning; 3394 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Instruments and techniques; KEYWORDS: lightning propagation, thunderstorm space charge, thunderstorm remote sensing, thunderstorm electric potential  \nCitation: Coleman, L. M., T. C. Marshall, M. Stolzenburg, T. Hamlin, P. R. Krehbiel, W. Rison, and R. J. Thomas, Effects of charge and electrostatic potential on lightning propagation, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D9), 4298, doi:10.1029/2002JD002718, 2003 .  \n1. Introduction  \n[2] After a lightning flash is initiated in a cloud, what controls where various branches of the flash go? From visual observations, we know that both cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes and intracloud (IC) flashes have branches with substantial horizontal extents. Measurements from electric field change arrays and radar, radio, and acoustic mapping of lightning [e.g., Pierce, 1955; Ogawa and Brook, 1969; Krehbiel et al., 1979; Ligda, 1956; Proctor, 1983; MacGorman et al., 1981] have provided ample evidence that many lightning flashes travel predominantly horizontally. Recent high-resolution interferometric observations by Shao and Krehbiel [1996] also show that many IC flashes have a relatively short vertical channel connecting two extensive horizontal regions of discharge, which often contain a  \nCopyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.  \n0148-0227/03/2002JD002718  \nnumber of horizontal branches. Their measurements indicated that IC flashes begin with ‘‘upward propagating negative breakdown’’ followed ‘‘after a time delay’’ by radiation associated with previously undetec","cbCaihne5Zn3Qhu2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihne5Zn3Qhu2","pdf",2382556,1,27,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Lightning branching and existing charge regions\n## Electric field control and charge deposition alignment","[{\"question\":\"How are lightning observations compared in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Three-dimensional lightning mapping is matched to cloud charge structures and electric potential profiles inferred from balloon soundings of electric fields in New Mexico mountain thunderstorms.\"},{\"question\":\"What relationship is found between lightning channel altitude and electric potential?\",\"answer\":\"Comparisons show good agreement between the altitudes of horizontal lightning channels and the altitudes of electric potential extrema or wells.\"},{\"question\":\"How does recurring lightning charge deposition affect storm charge structure?\",\"answer\":\"Recurring deposition at approximate potential extrema increases the complexity of the observed storm charge 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are lightning observations compared in this study?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Three-dimensional lightning mapping is matched to cloud charge structures and electric potential profiles inferred from balloon soundings of electric fields in New Mexico mountain thunderstorms.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What relationship is found between lightning channel altitude and electric potential?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Comparisons show good agreement between the altitudes of horizontal lightning channels and the altitudes of electric potential extrema or wells.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How does recurring lightning charge deposition affect storm charge structure?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Recurring deposition at approximate potential extrema increases the complexity of the observed storm charge 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