[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-595784-105":59,"doc-detail-595784-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","effectiveness-of-problem-solving-method-in-teaching-mathematics-at-elementary-level-research-article","Effectiveness of Problem Solving Method in Teaching Mathematics at Elementary Level - Research Article","","The study examines the effectiveness of a Problem Solving Approach (PSA) for teaching mathematics to grade 8 students in public schools. A pretest–posttest equivalent group design was used with matching to form experimental and control groups. Achievement tests served as pre- and post-measures, with expert validation and a table of specification to support content validity. Students taught via PSA showed significantly higher posttest achievement than those taught using traditional methods, including both high and low achievers, attributed to active participation, self-directed learning, and guidance from teachers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/effectiveness-of-problem-solving-method-in-teaching-mathematics-at-elementary-level-research-article/595784/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/effectiveness-of-problem-solving-method-in-teaching-mathematics-at-elementary-level-research-article/595784.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-21","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To investigate the effectiveness of the Problem Solving Approach (PSA) in teaching mathematics to grade 8 students, including differences for high and low achievers.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the experimental and control groups formed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Students were placed into experimental and control groups using a matching technique to ensure equivalent groups.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the findings regarding student achievement?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Posttest results showed a significant advantage for students taught through PSA compared with traditional methods, and similar improvements were observed for both high and low achievers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},595784,1792171008,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","April 2018, Vol. 40, No. 1 pp. 231-244  \nEffectiveness of Problem Solving Method in Teaching Mathematics at Elementary Level  \nMalik Ghulam Behlol *, Rafaqat Ali Akbar** and Hifsa Sehrish***  \nAbstract  \nThe study investigates effectiveness of Problem Solving Approach (PSA) in teaching mathematics to students studying at grade 8 in public schools. Pretest-posttest equivalent group design was used to conduct this study. The researcher applied matching technique to place the students in experimental and control groups (CG).Achievement test was used as a pre-test and post-test in this study. The test was validated by the experts, and table of specification was formulated to check content validity.The study revealed that the achievement level of students taught through PSA was significantly different as compared to the performance of the students taught through traditional methods of teaching on posttest. The same was the case about the performance of high and low achievers taught through PSA. Better performance of the experimental group (EG) was inferred due to active participation, self-directed learning, and higher confidence of the students in the learning process. It is also reflected that support, facilitation and guidance on the part of teacher has also contributed to the performance of the students in the EG.  \nKeywords: Problem solving approach, Effectiveness, Grade  \n* Assistant Professor, Fatima Jinnah Women, University Rawalpindi. Email: [ghulam_behlol@yahoo.com](ghulam_behlol@yahoo.com)  \n** Professor, Institute of Education and Research (IER), University of the Punjab, Lahore  \n*** Research Scholar, FJWU  \nIntroduction  \nLearning is an activity or a process that engages the learner to discover, invent, selfactualize, think and apply innovative ways to solve a problem. It builds up character and conduct of students to lead a successful life. Quality of teacher education is one of important factor that contribute to the quality of education in classroom. It is for the teachers to modify and adjust their pedagogical skills to accelerate learning process in the classroom. All good teaching is characterized by proper teaching methods, and priority may be given to improve the capacities and professional competencies of the teachers to apply appropriate teaching methods that may enhance learning of students. Majority of the mathematics teachers, according to Nafees (2011) and Sherrazi (2000) follow traditional methods to teach mathematics in public schools at elementary and secondary levels in Pakistan. Consequently students by and large are not able to develop mathematical ability and interest. PSA develops and promotes mathematical ability by enhancing logical, analytical thinking skills in students to solve different problems not only in mathematics but also in daily matters of life. Every society expects from its education system to educate and train students in a way that may solve the real life problems of tomorrow (Walker & Lofton, 2003; Chin & Chia, 2004) . PSA in teaching of mathematics promotes creative, analytical and interpretive skills in students to solve complicated challenges and problems (Lester & Kehle, 2003) . National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) has emphasized that PSA needs to give primary importance to the teachers who are teaching mathematics. In Pakistan, teachers working in public schools continue to use Traditional Methods of Teaching (TMT) in teaching of mathematics at grade 8. As a result of this situation, the researcher planned and designed a study to check the significance of PSA in teaching of mathematics to students studying at grade 8. It is also aimed at investigating about the effectiveness of PSA on the achievement of high and low achievers (HLAs) studying at 8th grades. Results of the study may be significant for the teachers teaching mathematics to grade 8 and also for the students studying at this grade to apply PSA in the study of mathematics. It may develop positive at","cbCailq0ukeVSYej","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailq0ukeVSYej","pdf",118182,14,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Objectives of the Study\n# Null Hypotheses\n# Literature Review","[{\"question\":\"What was the main purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To investigate the effectiveness of the Problem Solving Approach (PSA) in teaching mathematics to grade 8 students, including differences for high and low achievers.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the experimental and control groups formed?\",\"answer\":\"Students were placed into experimental and control groups using a matching technique to ensure equivalent groups.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the findings regarding student achievement?\",\"answer\":\"Posttest results showed a significant advantage for students taught through PSA compared with traditional methods, and similar improvements were observed for both high and low achievers.\"}]","Effectiveness of Problem Solving Method in Teaching Mathematics at Elementary Level - Research Article | PDF",1792081860,35]