[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-316618-105":59,"doc-detail-316618-en":122},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":115,"head_meta":117,"extra_data":119,"updated_unix":121},105,"en","effectiveness-of-eight-weeks-pencil-push-up-therapy-for-patients-with-convergence-insufficiency","Effectiveness of Eight Weeks Pencil Push Up Therapy for Patients with Convergence Insufficiency","","Convergence Insufficiency (CI) limits the ability to perform convergence movements during near work, with prevalence reported around 0.1%–8%. A clinical trial conducted from October 2016 to March 2017 assessed 19 CI patients using CISS, NPC, RBT, PLT, and ACT. After 8 weeks of pencil push-up therapy, CISS, NPC, RBT, and PLT scores decreased significantly (p=0.000). ACT positives fell from 4 to 2 but without significance (p=0.500).",{"@graph":69,"@context":114},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/effectiveness-of-eight-weeks-pencil-push-up-therapy-for-patients-with-convergence-insufficiency/316618/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/effectiveness-of-eight-weeks-pencil-push-up-therapy-for-patients-with-convergence-insufficiency/316618.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Felix Montgomery","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-07","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Which outcomes improved significantly after 8 weeks?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"CISS symptoms, NPC, RBT, and PLT all decreased significantly after 8 weeks (p=0.000). ACT positives decreased but the change was not statistically significant (p=0.500).","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":116,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":118,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":120,"site_id":62},316618,1790472648,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":123},{"doc_id":120,"user_id":124,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":125,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":126,"file_id":127,"file_url":128,"file_type":129,"file_size":130,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":131,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":132,"faqs":133,"seo_title":134,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":135,"read_time":136},549768064778,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","|  | ORIGINAL ARTICLE |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |\n| Effectiveness of Eight Weeks Pencil Push Up Therapy for Patients with Convergence Insufficienyin RSMH Ophthalmology Clinic Palembang\u003Cbr>Andrian Suner, Linda Trisna, Erial Bahar\u003Cbr>Department of Ophthalmology, Sriwijaya University\u003Cbr>M.Hoesin Hospital Palembang, South Sumatera\u003Cbr>[E-mail: drsuner@gmail.com](E-mail: drsuner@gmail.com)\u003Cbr>ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>Background : Convergence Insufficiency (CI) is an inability to perform convergence movements when doing near activity. The prevalence of CI was estimated varying between 0.1%-8%. Oneof the easiest therapeutic attempts from some research have showed the effectiveness to overcome CI is by pencil pushup therapy. This study is to determine the improvement of CI symptoms and signs in patients after performing the pencil push up exercise for 8 weeks. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on October 2016 until March 2017. Nineteen patients who met the inclusion criteria was obtained. The frequency and distribution of data is described in tabular form and the effectiveness of pencil push up therapy is analyzed with Paired T Test and Wilcoxon test. Result: Patients with CI had an average age of approximately 22 years, with the sex ratio of females and males being 3:2 . After 8 weeks of pencil push up therapy, there was a significant decrease of Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) value from 25.2±3.72 to 15.7±5.64 (p=0.000), significantly decreased Near Point Convergence (NPC) value from 13.7±1.88 cm to 9.05±2.99 cm (p=0.000), significantly decreased Red Blue Test (RBT) value from 14.2±1.84 to 9,36±3.22 cm (p=0.000), and significantly decreased Penlight Red/Green Test (PLT) from 16.7±2.69 to 10.7±4.13 cm (p=0.000). A number of Alternate Cover Test (ACT) positives also decreased from 4 to 2 samples but not significant (p=0,500). Symptoms and signs of CI were improved in 14 samples (73.7%). Conclusion : Pencil pushup therapy for 8 weeks is effective to improve symptoms and signs of convergence insufficiency.\u003Cbr>Keywords: CI, CISS, ACT, NPC, RBT, PLT, pencil push up. |  |  |\n\nonvergence Insufficiency (CI) merupakan  \nCketikukankmampuagerakann kseseorangonvergensiuntuma melapada  \nsaat melakukan aktivitas pekerjaan dari jarakdekat seperti membaca, menulis, mengoperasikankomputer dan lain-lain. Prevalensi konvergeninsufisiensi telah dilaporkan bervariasi sekitar 0.1-8 % tergantung dari populasi.1 Cohen melaporkan astenopia merupakan gejala utama dari CI.2 Karakteristik astenopia pada CI yang  \nditemukan, antara lain kesulitan membaca pada satu baris yang sama, sakit kepala, penglihatanganda, dan huruf terlihat kabur. Kratka3 melaporkan sebesar 75% dari pasien CI yang simptomatik dan sisanya asimptomatik, denganusia 20-40 tahun. Sementara, Burian melaporkansebesar 18% pasien CI yang asimptomatik.3 Gupta4 melaporkan sebanyak 2130 anak sampai usia 16 tahun, memiliki karakteristikgejala astenopia sebesar 82,19% . Karakteristik  \nastenopia pada CI yang ditemukan, antara lainsakit kepala, kesulitan membaca, dan nyeri di sekitar bola mata.4  \nSalah satu upaya terapi yang mudah dan dari beberapa penelitian efektif untuk mengatasi CIadalahdenganterapi Pencil Push Up. Sapkota5 melakukan penelitian terhadap 23 pasien yang menjalani terapi pensil selama 10 menit perhariselama 6 minggu. Hasilnya menunjukkanterdapat perbaikan pada Near Point of Convergence (NPC) secara bermakna sesudah terapi, Prism Fusion Vergence (PFV) dan skor kuisioner gejala CI rata-rata juga berkurang secara bermakna.5 Temuan ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Kim dan Gallaway.6,7 Sementara itu hasil berbedadidapatkan pada penelitian Scheiman dimana terapi pencil push up tidak menunjukkan hasil perbaikan secara bermakna.8  \nMETODE  \nPenelitian ini merupakan suatu uji klinis yang dilakukan di poliklinik mata RSMH Palembang sejak bulan Oktober 2016 sampai dengan Maret 2017. Sampel penelitian adalah semua penderita yang terdiagnosis menderita CI serta memenuhikriter","cbCailDJGcxRzB9U","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailDJGcxRzB9U","pdf",730446,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Methods\n## Study design and participants\n## Inclusion and exclusion criteria\n## Assessments and diagnostics\n## Therapy protocol\n## Follow-up and outcome measures","[{\"question\":\"Which outcomes improved significantly after 8 weeks?\",\"answer\":\"CISS symptoms, NPC, RBT, and PLT all decreased significantly after 8 weeks (p=0.000). ACT positives decreased but the change was not statistically significant (p=0.500).\"}]","Effectiveness of Eight Weeks Pencil Push Up Therapy for Patients with Convergence Insufficiency | PDF",1789919923,13]