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It summarizes research findings that administrator attendance is essential, and outlines practical ways leaders can help—providing resources, linking work to school improvement plans, encouraging teacher sharing, and modeling experimentation. It further details success factors such as volunteers with incentives, trained facilitators, regular schedules, active review or new learning each session, and an instruction-focused 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Martin","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-09","2026-10-13",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are administrative support and attendance important for study groups?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Research summarized in the issue says administrator participation—especially attending meetings—is the most essential dimension of effective study groups.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What kinds of help can administrators provide besides attending meetings?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Administrators can find meeting space, share resources, connect study-group work to the school improvement plan, encourage teachers to share expertise from conferences, and support classroom risk-taking and experimentation.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What are the key practices that keep study groups successful over time?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The issue recommends selecting volunteers (with realistic incentives), using trained facilitators, meeting regularly with a planned calendar, reviewing knowledge or learning new material each meeting, and keeping the focus on classroom 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\nAdministration.......5Working With  \nThe Community.......8School Improvement.....9Student Achievement...10  \nFYI  \nOverheard at the National StaffDevelopment Council's annualconference,Dec.8-11,1991:  \n\"I would like to write in bloodacross the skies of the world,There is no one best way toteach.'Teaching is a situational,contextual profession.\"  \nMadeline Hunter  \nProfessor,UCLA  \n\"The function of schools is not tohelp kids do well in school.Thefunction of schools is to help kidsdo well in life.\"  \nElliot EisnerProfessor,Stanford University  \nRECETVED  \n0992December 24,1991  \nPENNSYLVANCUNIVEESITY LL  \nEditor's Note:How to lead change and encourage ongoinglearning were two main themes at the National Staff Devel-opment Council's annual conference in St.Louis thismonth.Read about effective study groups,an experimentalungraded primary school and training middle managementfor change,pp.1-4.  \n# Effective Study GroupsRely On Administrative Support\n\nSchool study groups,which aid staff development cheaply andeffectively,need administrative participation to succeed.  \nPrincipals may think teachers who meet to talk shop willwork more freely without them.But over time,administra-tors who take part in such sessions-without leading them--give the group the strength it needs,says Shirley Makibbin,astaff developer with the Department of Defense's DependentSchools(DoDDS).  \nAbout 120 DoDDS use study groups on instructional issues aspart of a two-year-old staff development initiative.  \nThe Rand Corp.'s ongoing research on study groups confirmsthat administrator participation is \"the most essential dimen-sion of effective study groups,\"says Martha Sprague,a staffdeveloper at the University of South Florida at Fort Myer.  \nSprague,who also works with DoDDS,says Rand is findingthat the single best factor in study group success is whetheran administrator attends meetings.  \nBesides taking part in meetings,administrators also can offersupport by:  \n√Finding meeting space and sharing resources,including aprofessional library;  \n√Connecting the group's investigations with the school'simprovement plan;  \n# Effective Study Groups Rely On Administrative Support(Cont.)\n\n√Encouraging teachers to share their class-room expertise and knowledge gained at con-ferences and workshops;  \nChecking o he grBup3 ppg whenthey've missed a meeting,as welf as visitingclassrooms;and  \n√Modeling experimentation and risk-takingand encouraging others to do the same.  \n# Anatomy Of Success\n\nAdministrative support is only one factor thatmakes study groups tick,note Makibbin andSprague.  \nHealthy study groups,which run on a combi-nation of group motivation,sense of purposeand pride,also:  \n1.Include only volunteers,although muchdebate concerns whether volunteers should bepaid.\"Be realistic,\"says Makibbin.\"Somepeople will need incentives.\"  \nHowever,districts might try using graduatecredit or other nonmonetary incentives tokeep costs down.  \n2.Include a trained facilitator.WhenDoDDs leaders started receiving two days oftraining in group processing,\"immediatelythings got better,\"says Makibbin.  \nFacilitators are just average teachers whotake responsibility for organizing and runningthe meetings,so they need training to givethem a little added clout,she says.  \n3.Meet regularly.Set up a calendar of meet-ings for the entire year before the first meet-ing,say Makibbin and Sprague,and then re-mind people frequently.  \nGroups have succeeded with a variety of sche-dules,but they never meet on Fridays oraround holidays.  \n4.Review knowledge or learn new things atevery meeting.Knowledge sources includejournals,newsletters,videos,professors,teacher expertise and district trainers.  \nAssigning homework never works,says Ma-kibbin,unless it is to try new ideas.Incor-porate reading in the meeting's agenda.  \n5.Focus on classrooms.Teachers want touse th","cbCaisTJ3YheCurc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisTJ3YheCurc","pdf",3630778,11,"English","# Effective Study Groups\n## Rely On Administrative Support\n## Anatomy Of Success\n## Study Groups Take On Different Functions\n## Arizona School Welcomes Change To Ungraded Primary","[{\"question\":\"Why are administrative support and attendance important for study groups?\",\"answer\":\"Research summarized in the issue says administrator participation—especially attending meetings—is the most essential dimension of effective study groups.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of help can administrators provide besides attending meetings?\",\"answer\":\"Administrators can find meeting space, share resources, connect study-group work to the school improvement plan, encourage teachers to share expertise from conferences, and support classroom risk-taking and experimentation.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key practices that keep study groups successful over time?\",\"answer\":\"The issue recommends selecting volunteers (with realistic incentives), using trained facilitators, meeting regularly with a planned calendar, reviewing knowledge or learning new material each meeting, and keeping the focus on classroom instruction.\"}]","Effective Study Groups - Rely On Administrative Support | PDF",1791871805,28]