[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-331543-105":59,"doc-detail-331543-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":127,"head_meta":129,"extra_data":131,"updated_unix":133},105,"en","effect-of-socioeconomic-status-and-women-empowerment-status-on-coverage-of-oral-cancer-screening-among-indian-women-within-reproductive-age-group","Effect of socioeconomic status and women empowerment status on coverage of oral cancer screening among Indian women within reproductive age group","","Oral cancer remains a major public health burden in India, while national screening coverage is still low despite program efforts. This study estimates oral cancer screening coverage among Indian women of reproductive age across states and union territories using NFHS-2019–2021 data (n=348,882). Socioeconomic status (SES) and women empowerment status (WES) are analyzed against screening dimension index using cross-tabulations, mapping, bubble plots, and multivariable logistic regression.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/effect-of-socioeconomic-status-and-women-empowerment-status-on-coverage-of-oral-cancer-screening-among-indian-women-within-reproductive-age-group/331543/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/effect-of-socioeconomic-status-and-women-empowerment-status-on-coverage-of-oral-cancer-screening-among-indian-women-within-reproductive-age-group/331543.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Seraphina","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main objective of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study aims to estimate oral cancer screening coverage among Indian women of reproductive age across Indian states and union territories, and to examine how socioeconomic status (SES) and women empowerment status (WES) relate to that coverage.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which data source and sample size are used?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The analysis uses data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2019–2021), with 348,882 individuals included in the final analysis.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do SES and WES relate to oral cancer screening coverage?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Higher SES and WES can correspond to higher screening uptake in some states, but the pattern is not universal; variations exist across states and union territories. Women empowerment status does not always translate into increased screening.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"What factors show significant association with increased screening?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"Increased screening is significantly associated with improved sanitary facility access (76%) and clean fuel for cooking (44%).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},331543,1790754416,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149,"preview_page_count":4},962075114101,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e000253a75eb197efd?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780044092746381165","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nEffect of socioeconomic status and women empowerment status on coverage of oral cancer screening among Indian women within reproductive age group  \nPritam Halder1􀀍, Semanti Das2, Girish Jeer2, Sushanta Sarkar3, Anamika Das4, Arijit Saha5 & Shivani Rathor6  \nOral cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in India and 5% of all cancers in women is contributed by oral cancer. In spite of being a part of national programme, the screening coverage rates remain low. Studies have indicated that the societal status of women and their empowerment plays a role in screening coverage for cancer. The objective of the current study is to estimate the coverage of oral cancer screening among Indian women within reproductive age-group across Indian states and union territories (UTs), to explore the relationship of socioeconomic status (SES) and women empower status (WES) with oral cancer screening coverage across Indian states and union territories (UT) . Data from the fifth round of the nationally representative cross-sectional survey (National Family Health Survey, NFHS-2019–2021) was used in the present study with 3,48,882 individuals being included in the final analysis. We have cross-tabulated SES and WES composite scores with the Dimension Index (DI) of screening and categorised states and UTs into low, middle and high. We have represented these values over the Indian map. The interaction among these was graphically represented by a bubble plot. Further, we estimated the association of each indicator of SES and WES with screening coverage using multivariable logistic regression. The national coverage of oral cancer screening among women of reproductive age was 0.77% with Andhra Pradesh (7%) and Andaman and Nicobar Islands (10%) recording the highest screening coverage. Despite having high SES and WES scores, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, the screening (DI) was low. States with both high women empowerment status and high socioeconomic status showed high oral cancer screening uptake but the trend was not universal. Still, there were variations in the association among the states. The increased screening was significantly associated with higher access to improved sanitary facility (76%) and clean fuel for cooking (44%). Socio-economic status is an important precursor for better oral cancer screening coverage but women empowerment status did not always translate into good cancer screening uptake. Deep-rooted socio-cultural constructs and stigma associated with cancer and its implications may playa role. Implementation research for better uptake of oral cancer screening coverage is required.  \nKeywords Oral cancer screening, Oral cancer, Cancer screening, Women of reproductive age group, Women, NFHS 5, India  \nOral cancer is one of the most common type of cancers in India accounting for one third of the global burden 1. It is the second most prevalent cancer in India with the second highest incidence and mortality of all cancers,  \n1Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India. 2Center for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110049, India. 3Department of Surgical Oncology, Saroj Gupta Cancer Center and Research Institute, Kolkata 700063, India. 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Employees State Insurance Corporation Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Basaidarpur, New Delhi 110015, India. 5Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani 741245, India.  \n6Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. 􀀍 email: [rynedann@gmail.com](rynedann@gmail.com)  \n[www. nature.com/scientificreports/](www. nature.com/scientificreports/)  \naffecting both men and women2. Epidemiologic","cbCaiaToSFrj1Xmk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaToSFrj1Xmk","pdf",4793385,11,"English","# Introduction\n## Background and problem statement\n## Tobacco risk and need for screening\n# Objectives and data source\n## Study objective\n## Data: NFHS-2019–2021\n# Methods\n## SES and WES composite scores\n## Screening dimension index and state/UT grouping\n## Visualization and regression analysis\n# Results (coverage patterns)\n## National and state/UT screening coverage\n## Associations with SES, WES, and access factors\n# Discussion\n## Interpretation of mixed universal trends\n## Role of sociocultural stigma and implementation needs","[{\"question\":\"What is the main objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study aims to estimate oral cancer screening coverage among Indian women of reproductive age across Indian states and union territories, and to examine how socioeconomic status (SES) and women empowerment status (WES) relate to that coverage.\"},{\"question\":\"Which data source and sample size are used?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis uses data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2019–2021), with 348,882 individuals included in the final analysis.\"},{\"question\":\"How do SES and WES relate to oral cancer screening coverage?\",\"answer\":\"Higher SES and WES can correspond to higher screening uptake in some states, but the pattern is not universal; variations exist across states and union territories. Women empowerment status does not always translate into increased screening.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors show significant association with increased screening?\",\"answer\":\"Increased screening is significantly associated with improved sanitary facility access (76%) and clean fuel for cooking (44%).\"}]","Effect of socioeconomic status and women empowerment status on coverage of oral cancer screening among Indian women within reproductive age group | PDF",1789993824,28]