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Silica-rich chalk achieves about 80% decarbonization, while limestone shows about 50%. Major impurities (Si, Al, Fe) have marginal impact, whereas morphology strongly influences reaction behavior, and the technology is demonstrated on magnesite (MgCO3).",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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decarbonization?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Major impurities (Si, Al, and Fe) are found to have marginal effects, while the morphology of the raw materials plays a significant role in reaction behavior.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},332923,1790445665,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & 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](eprints@whiterose.ac.uk)[https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk](https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk)  \nUniversities of Leeds, Sheffield and York  \nDeposited via The University of Sheffield.  \nWhite Rose Research Online URL for this paper:  \n[https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/190408/](https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/190408/)  \nVersion: Published Version  \nArticle:  \nSimoni, M. , Hanein, T. , Woo, C.L. et al. (2022) Effect of Impurities on the decarbonization of calcium carbonate using aqueous sodium hydroxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 10 (36) . pp. 11913-11925. ISSN: 2168-0485  \n[https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c02913](https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c02913)  \nReuse  \nThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This licence allows you to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as you credit the authors for the original work. More information and the full terms of the licence here: [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/)  \nTakedown  \nIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by  \nemailing [eprints@whiterose.ac.uk](eprints@whiterose.ac.uk) including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request.  \n[pubs.acs.org/journal/ascecg](pubs.acs.org/journal/ascecg)  Research Article   \nEffect of Impurities on the Decarbonization of Calcium Carbonate Using Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide  \n􀀁􀀂􀀃􀀄􀀅 􀀆􀀇􀀈􀀅􀀉􀀇􀀊* 􀀋􀀌􀀍􀀅􀀎􀀅􀀃􀀍 􀀏􀀂􀀉􀀍􀀇􀀉􀀊* 􀀐􀀌􀀑􀀉 􀀒􀀅􀀉􀀓 􀀔􀀅􀀅􀀊 􀀕􀀅􀀌􀀉 􀀖􀀃􀀅􀀗􀀇􀀘􀀊 􀀂􀀉􀀎 􀀏􀀂􀀙􀀇􀀈􀀍 􀀚􀀇􀀉􀀅􀀘􀀌􀀇􀀛􀀂*  \n Cite This: [https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c02913](https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c02913)  \nRead Online  \nACCESS  \n Metrics & More  \n Article Recommendations  \n*sı   \nSupporting Information  \nABSTRACT: Decarbonizing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a crucial step for a wide range of major industrial processes and materials, including Portland cement (PC) production. Apart from the carbon footprint linked to fuel combustion, the process CO2 embodied within CaCO3 represents the main concern for the sustainability of production. Our recent works demonstrated that it is possible to avoid both the fuel and process CO2 by reacting CaCO3 with aqueous NaOH and obtain Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3·xH2O (x = 0 and 1). This present study provides a further understanding of the process by testing different raw calcareous sources. A high decarbonization (∼80%) of CaCO3 was achieved for silica-rich chalk, whereas a lower extent was obtained (∼50%) for limestone. To understand the difference in their reaction behavior, the effect of impurities was studied. The effects of the major impurities (Si, Al, and Fe) were found to be marginal, which is advantageous to process industrial grade materials, while the morphology of the raw materials presents a significant impact. The applicability of our decarbonization technology was also demonstrated on magnesite (MgCO3).  \nKEYWORDS: decarbonization, CO2 sequestration, ambient conditions, cement, CaCO 3  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nThe calcination of calcium carbonate to obtain lime (CaCO3 → CaO + CO2) is currently considered one of the major contributors to the global CO2 emissions due to both the large global demand 1 and the specific carbon footprint (1.0−1.8 kgCO2/kgCaO) .2 The Portland cement (PC) industry is currently utilizing the largest portion of calcined limestone, with a global market size of 4 Gt PC per year,3 which makes the cement industry responsible for about 8% of the total CO2 emissions worldwide4 and 12−15% of global industry energy use.5  \nThe calcination of calcium carbonate usually involves two distinct emission sources: process- and fuel-derived CO2. The former arises from the calcination stoichiometry (0.44 kgCO2/ kgCaCO3),6 while the latter is linked to the combustion of the hydrocarbon fuels to attain the required pyro-processing temperature","cbCaiansovekgtDr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiansovekgtDr","pdf",2894724,"English","# ABSTRACT\n# KEYWORDS\n# 1. INTRODUCTION","[{\"question\":\"What is the main sustainability challenge addressed in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on reducing CO2 emissions linked to decarbonizing calcium carbonate, especially the process CO2 embodied within CaCO3 that drives emissions in cement production.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the proposed method decarbonize CaCO3?\",\"answer\":\"CaCO3 is reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) under ambient conditions, avoiding high-temperature calcination and yielding Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3·xH2O.\"},{\"question\":\"Do impurities (Si, Al, Fe) significantly affect decarbonization?\",\"answer\":\"Major impurities (Si, Al, and Fe) are found to have marginal effects, while the morphology of the raw materials plays a significant role in reaction behavior.\"}]","Effect of Impurities on the Decarbonization of Calcium Carbonate Using Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide | PDF",1790000013,35]