[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-268348-105":59,"doc-detail-268348-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":127,"head_meta":129,"extra_data":131,"updated_unix":133},105,"en","effect-of-geometric-modifications-on-the-compressive-strength-and-mechanical-performance-of-gyroid-based-bone-scaffolds-research-article","Effect of Geometric Modifications on the Compressive Strength and Mechanical Performance of Gyroid-Based Bone Scaffolds - Research Article","","Porous TPMS scaffolds are valued in biomedical engineering for lightweight design, high mechanical strength, and biological compatibility. This study examines how geometric arrangement influences the compressive strength of gyroid-based bone scaffolds by modifying the gyroid unit cell along the y-axis using G(-25), G(0), and G(+25) with 80% porosity as reference. PLA structures were fabricated via FDM and tested under compression along longitudinal and lateral axes. Results show printing and loading directions strongly control strength: aligned directions improve performance, while increasing pore size can reduce strength. SEM analysis further evaluates compression-layer behavior, supporting optimization for biomedical use.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/effect-of-geometric-modifications-on-the-compressive-strength-and-mechanical-performance-of-gyroid-based-bone-scaffolds-research-article/268348/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/effect-of-geometric-modifications-on-the-compressive-strength-and-mechanical-performance-of-gyroid-based-bone-scaffolds-research-article/268348.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Finn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-14",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How were the gyroid scaffold geometries modified in the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The gyroid unit cell was reduced on the y-axis by 25% to create G(-25), kept constant as G(0), or enlarged by 25% as G(+25) using tri-periodic minimal surface trigonometric function with an 80% porosity reference.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What fabrication method and material were used to produce the scaffolds?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Biomaterial PLA structures were fabricated using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and printed along longitudinal and lateral axes before compression testing.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do printing direction and loading direction affect compressive strength?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The results show these directions play a decisive role. When printing and loading directions match, strength increases, and the G(-25) model shows higher strength in the PLt-CLt configuration compared with G(0).",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"What additional analysis was performed beyond compression testing?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"SEM analysis was used to examine the compression layers before and after the test in detail to support interpretation of mechanical behavior.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},268348,1789430388,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":133,"read_time":148,"preview_page_count":4},34359740700684,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1f400023980c374ae676?_k=1777273430885731487","URL: [https://dergipark.org.tr/ij3dptdi](https://dergipark.org.tr/ij3dptdi)  \nEFFECT OF GEOMETRIC MODIFICATIONS ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF GYROIDBASED BONE SCAFFOLDS  \nYazarlar (Authors): Muhammet Mevlüt Karaca * , İzel Ekinci  , Daver Ali   \nBu makaleye şu şekilde atıfta bulunabilirsiniz (To cite to this article): Karaca M. M., Ekinci İ., Ali D., “Effect of Geometric Modifications on the Compressive Strength and Mechanical Performance of Gyroid-Based Bone Scaffolds” Int. J. of 3D Printing Tech. Dig. Ind., 9(1): 63-72, (2025).  \nDOI: 10.46519/ij3dptdi.1609933  \nAraştırma Makale/ Research Article  \nErişim Linki: (To link to this article): [https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ij3dptdi/archive](https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ij3dptdi/archive)  \nEFFECT OF GEOMETRIC MODIFICATIONS ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF GYROID-BASED BONE SCAFFOLDS  \nMuhammet Mevlüt Karacaa * , İzel Ekincib , Daver Alib  \naKarabuk University, Engineering Faculty, Mechanical Engineering Department, KARABUKbKarabuk University, Engineering Faculty, Biomedical Engineering Department, KARABUK  \n* [Corresponding Author:](Corresponding Author: mmevlutkaraca@karabuk.edu.tr)[ ](Corresponding Author: mmevlutkaraca@karabuk.edu.tr)[mmevlutkaraca@karabuk.edu.tr](Corresponding Author: mmevlutkaraca@karabuk.edu.tr)  \n(Received: 30.12.24; Revised: 08.03.25; Accepted: 15.03.25)  \nABSTRACT  \nPorous structures are of great interest in biomedical and engineering applications due to their lightweight, high mechanical strength, and biological compatibility. In this study, based on the widespread use of gyroid structures in bone scaffolds and their potential to adapt to the heterogeneous mechanical properties of bone tissue, the effect of geometric arrangements on mechanical strength was investigated. Using the tri-periodic minimal surface trigonometric function, the reference model G(0) with 80% porosity was taken as a basis, and three different geometries were created by reducing the unit cell of the gyroid on the y-axis by 25%(G(-25)), keeping it constant (G(0)), and enlarging it by 25%(G(+25)) . Using the biomaterial PLA, these non-isotropic structures were fabricated through Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and 3D printed in the longitudinal and lateral axes, then subjected to compression tests. The compression test results showed that the printing direction and loading direction play a decisive role in mechanical strength. Especially when the printing and loading directions were the same, an increase in strength was observed, with the G(-25) model exhibiting 37.8% higher strength than G(0) in the PLt-CLt (Printed Lateral – Compression Lateral) configuration. Conversely, increasing the pore size resulted in a 14.7% reduction in strength for G(-25) compared to G(0) . Furthermore, when the printing and loading directions were aligned, the lateral axis exhibited 38.4% higher strength than the longitudinal axis in the G(-25) model. It was found that the arrangement of the pores parallel to the load direction minimized strength loss, and the increase in porosity did not significantly affect mechanical strength. In addition, the structure of the compression layers before and after the test was examined in detail by SEM analysis. The findings show that the geometrical arrangements of the gyroid structures have a significant effect on mechanical strength and that these structures can be optimized and used in biomedical applications.  \nKeywords: FDM, PLA, Gyroid Structure, Porosity, Bone Scaffold, Anisotropic Structure.  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nPorous structures are of great interest in biomedical and engineering applications due to their properties such as light weight, high mechanical strength and biocompatibility. In particular, Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) have become an important focus for scaffold design in biomedical applications. The unique geometric properties ofTPMS structures allow them to mimic the mechanical behavi","cbCaitWxAgwxye91","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitWxAgwxye91","pdf",2296279,11,"English","# 1. INTRODUCTION\n## Porous structures and TPMS\n## Gyroid scaffolds and mechanical/biological relevance\n## Role of pore size and porosity","[{\"question\":\"How were the gyroid scaffold geometries modified in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The gyroid unit cell was reduced on the y-axis by 25% to create G(-25), kept constant as G(0), or enlarged by 25% as G(+25) using tri-periodic minimal surface trigonometric function with an 80% porosity reference.\"},{\"question\":\"What fabrication method and material were used to produce the scaffolds?\",\"answer\":\"Biomaterial PLA structures were fabricated using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and printed along longitudinal and lateral axes before compression testing.\"},{\"question\":\"How do printing direction and loading direction affect compressive strength?\",\"answer\":\"The results show these directions play a decisive role. When printing and loading directions match, strength increases, and the G(-25) model shows higher strength in the PLt-CLt configuration compared with G(0).\"},{\"question\":\"What additional analysis was performed beyond compression testing?\",\"answer\":\"SEM analysis was used to examine the compression layers before and after the test in detail to support interpretation of mechanical behavior.\"}]","Effect of Geometric Modifications on the Compressive Strength and Mechanical Performance of Gyroid-Based Bone Scaffolds - Research Article | PDF",28]