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It emphasizes that correct application is essential because misuse of EEG findings can cause misdiagnosis and long-term mental and physical health consequences. The review highlights that many neurologists must accurately interpret and apply reported results, and describes how longer-term recordings can improve diagnostic yield. Common EEG findings, diagnostic limits of classic patterns, and updated definitions and consensus for epileptiform discharges in critically ill patients are covered.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/eeg-in-epilepsy-review-article-fundamentals-and-clinical-interpretation/625622/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/eeg-in-epilepsy-review-article-fundamentals-and-clinical-interpretation/625622.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Liam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of this EEG review article for epilepsy care?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It reviews EEG fundamentals and limitations, helps clinicians select the appropriate EEG type for clinical questions, and instructs how to interpret results in the patient’s clinical context.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why can incorrect EEG use be harmful in epilepsy?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Misapplication of EEG findings can lead to misdiagnosis and long-term mental and physical health sequelae.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the article describe the 10-20 EEG system for electrode placement?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It explains that scalp electrodes are identified by letters and numbers or z designations, with 10% and 20% head-circumference distances from nasion to inion used to place electrodes, and it notes potential confusion with 10-10 naming.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},625622,1792660462,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","REVIEW ARTICLE  \n􀀁  \nCONTINUUM AUDIO INTERVIEW AVAILABLE ONLINE  \nCITE AS:  \nCONTINUUM (MIN NEA P M INN) 2025;31(1, EPILEPSY):38–60.  \nAddress correspondence to Dr Daniel Weber, 1225 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, Daniel.Weber@slucare.  \n[ssmhealth.com](ssmhealth.com).  \nRELATIONSHIP DISCLOSURE: Dr Weber reports no disclosure.  \nUNLABELED USE OF PRODUCTS/INVESTIGATIONAL USE DISCLOSURE:  \nDr Weber reports no disclosure.  \n© 2025 American Academy of Neurology.  \nEEG in Epilepsy  \nBy Daniel Weber, DO  \nABSTRACT  \nOBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to review the fundamentals and limitations of EEG, guide the selection of EEG type to answer clinical questions, and provide instruction on the interpretation of results within the patient's clinical context.  \nLATEST DEVELOPMENTS: EEG is the single most useful ancillary test to support the clinical diagnosis of epilepsy, but if used incorrectly it can cause great harm. Misapplication of EEG findings can lead to misdiagnosis and longterm mental and physical health sequelae. Although all neurologists may not have sufficient training for independent EEG interpretation, most should be able to review and apply the findings from the report accurately to guide patient care. Longer-term EEGs with similar recording electrodes tend to have higher diagnostic yields. Common EEG findings are described in this article, along with diagnostic limitations of some classically described patterns. There is an updated definition for an epileptiform discharge, along with a consensus on EEG patterns in the critically ill.  \nESSENTIAL POINTS: EEG continues to be the most useful ancillary test to assist in the diagnosis of epilepsy. Its application requires proper understanding of its limitations and variability of testing results.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nE  \nEG is the single most useful test available in the diagnosis and management of epilepsy and its related disorders. The first human use of EEG was reported by Dr Hans Berger in 1924.1 Over the subsequent decades, specific patterns of electrical activity in the brain were seen inpatients who had epilepsy and in those who were actively having  \nepileptic seizures.  \nExtensive resources already exist to guide clinicians through EEG interpretation. However, proficiency in EEG interpretation requires dedicated time and practice and is beyond the scope of any single article. In the current state of neurology practice, many neurologists no longer routinely interpret EEG studies and instead rely on results reported by neurologists with additional dedicated EEG interpretation expertise. It remains important for every neurologist to understand the clinical significance of EEG findings. EEG has both technical limitations and inherent variability and requires a basic understanding of these limitations and sources of variability. This article reviews basic EEG principles to ensure that readers can appropriately order, understand, and apply EEG findings in the patient’s clinical context. This article also reviews the fundamentals of EEG  \n38 FEBRUARY 2025  \nCopyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.  \n(physiology and methodology), EEG types and limitations ofEEG testing, relevant findings and reporting, as well as clinical correlations.  \nPHYSIOLOGY OF EEG  \nThe organization of the human cortex into layers allows for the recording of discrete EEG signals. Near the cortical surface sit the dendritic arbors of large pyramidal neurons. Presynaptic neurotransmitter release affects the local postsynaptic environment, creating excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. The superficial excitatory postsynaptic potentials generate an extracellular negative polarity local field potential. The EEG waveforms are essentially a summation of these excitatory postsynaptic potentials and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. At least 10 square centimeters of cortex must be activated synchronously to generate enough po","cbCaioS4sAIjGNNb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioS4sAIjGNNb","pdf",33229868,23,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Physiology of EEG\n# Recording and Setting Up EEG (10-20 System)\n## Electrode placement and naming\n## Additional electrode options","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of this EEG review article for epilepsy care?\",\"answer\":\"It reviews EEG fundamentals and limitations, helps clinicians select the appropriate EEG type for clinical questions, and instructs how to interpret results in the patient’s clinical context.\"},{\"question\":\"Why can incorrect EEG use be harmful in epilepsy?\",\"answer\":\"Misapplication of EEG findings can lead to misdiagnosis and long-term mental and physical health sequelae.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article describe the 10-20 EEG system for electrode placement?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that scalp electrodes are identified by letters and numbers or z designations, with 10% and 20% head-circumference distances from nasion to inion used to place electrodes, and it notes potential confusion with 10-10 naming.\"}]","EEG in Epilepsy - Review Article Fundamentals and Clinical Interpretation | PDF",1792531885,58]