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It argues that visible mainstream support helped shift public narratives toward accountability for legislators and low-tax corporations draining public resources. Drawing on interviews with organizers and historical education-labor research, the study uses social movement unionism and solidarity unionism to explain the resurgence of educator militancy and the local dynamics of each struggle.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/educators-striking-for-a-better-world-the-significance-of-social-movement-and-solidarity-unionisms/594907/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/educators-striking-for-a-better-world-the-significance-of-social-movement-and-solidarity-unionisms/594907.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mary Man","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Which recent U.S. events does the article highlight to illustrate the educator uprisings?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It highlights West Virginia’s 2018 two-week strike and then describes follow-on statewide strikes in Kentucky, Oklahoma, and Arizona, along with actions in Los Angeles, Oakland, Chicago, and Indiana.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What public narrative shift does the article describe after the strikes?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Mainstream coverage is said to have helped shift attention from individual accountability measured through achievement to holding legislators and low-tax-paying corporations accountable for private profit drawn from public resources.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the article explain the resurgence of educator militancy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It draws on a set of interviews with 2018 red-state organizers and proposes two overlapping lenses: social movement unionism and rank-and-file-led solidarity unionism.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},594907,1792491079,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},7421720224475,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","UC Berkeley  \nBerkeley Review of Education  \nTitle  \nEducators Striking for a Better World: The Significance of Social Movement and Solidarity Unionisms  \nPermalink  \n[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zk5p5sw](https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zk5p5sw)  \nJournal  \nBerkeley Review of Education, 9(1)  \nAuthors  \nDyke, Erin  \nMuckian Bates, Brendan  \nPublication Date  \n2019  \nDOI  \n10.5070/B89146423  \n[eScholarship.org](eScholarship.org) Powered by the California Digital Library  \nUniversity of California  \nRunning head: EDUCATORS STRIKING  \nEducators Striking for a Better World: The Significance of Social Movement and Solidarity Unionisms  \nErin Dyke 1  \nBrendan Muckian Bates2  \n1Oklahoma State University  \n2 Bridge Street Middle School  \nIn the spring of 2018, West Virginia educators shut down schools statewide for two weeks to protest poor teacher and staff pay, rising healthcare costs, and perpetually decreasing public education funding, winning many of their demands. Soon after, statewide strikes in Kentucky, Oklahoma, and Arizona followed suit. The following fall, citing inspiration from these red state strikes, the second-most populous school district in the nation, the Los Angeles Unified School District, struck for more school funding and much-needed resources (Quinlan, 2018) . Oakland, California, followed soon after, and district actions across states like Colorado, Massachusetts, and Arkansas, among other places, continued. In October 2019, the third largest school district in the nation, Chicago Public Schools, struck for such radical demands as a district sanctuary policy and resources for undocumented students ; rent control for educators, students, and families in a rapidly gentrifying city ; and more school nurses and social workers (Jaffe, 2019) . On November 19, 2019, teachers across the entire state of Indiana—a place with stringent anti-union legislation—conducted a one-day strike (Herron, 2019) .  \nIn the United States, these events have introduced hundreds of thousands of educators, staff, and students to direct action, and, collectively, educators have won significant gains in public education spending. Evident from the widespread supportive mainstream media attention, the predominant public narrative has shifted from the need for individual school, teacher, and student accountability via achievement measures to the need to hold legislators and low-tax-paying corporations accountable for the siphoning of public resources for private profit.2  \nMany education and labor scholars have experienced this resounding wave of refusals to accept the status quo in education as an exciting surprise. The last few decades have seen increasing attacks on educators ’ right to participate in formal unions. In urban and more unionized places like Chicago and Los Angeles, the mass privatization of public neighborhood schools has led to a proliferation of nonunionized charter schools, and city leaders have been explicit about their aims to weaken local unions (Lipman, 2011) . Many of the red states in which teachers struck in 2018 had seen the effects of decades  \n1 Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to: Erin Dyke. Email: [erin.dyke@okstate.edu](erin.dyke@okstate.edu)  \n[2](2 For example)[ For example](2 For example), see this TIME magazine story from 2014 with the headline,“Rotten Apples: It’s Nearly Impossible to Fire a Bad Teacher, Some Tech Millionaires May Have Found a Way to Change That,” highlighting the need to hold bad teachers accountable (Edwards, 2014) . This narrative shifted significantly in 2018, when TIME ran a cover story highlighting the plight of teachers in the wake of the red-state strikes titled: “'I Work 3 Jobs And Donate Blood Plasma to Pay the Bills.' This Is What It’s Like to Be a Teacher in America”(Reilly, 2018). In 2019, key educator organizers (Jay O’Neal and Emily Comer) were celebrated as TIME’s 100 most influential people (Huerta, 2019) .  \nBerkeley Review of Education","cbCainLSdNNC1jl6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainLSdNNC1jl6","pdf",296610,12,"English","# Educator strikes across U.S. states\n## Narrative shift toward collective accountability\n## Background: anti-union attacks and weakening unions\n## Research question and study approach\n## Two lenses: social movement unionism and solidarity unionism","[{\"question\":\"Which recent U.S. events does the article highlight to illustrate the educator uprisings?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights West Virginia’s 2018 two-week strike and then describes follow-on statewide strikes in Kentucky, Oklahoma, and Arizona, along with actions in Los Angeles, Oakland, Chicago, and Indiana.\"},{\"question\":\"What public narrative shift does the article describe after the strikes?\",\"answer\":\"Mainstream coverage is said to have helped shift attention from individual accountability measured through achievement to holding legislators and low-tax-paying corporations accountable for private profit drawn from public resources.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article explain the resurgence of educator militancy?\",\"answer\":\"It draws on a set of interviews with 2018 red-state organizers and proposes two overlapping lenses: social movement unionism and rank-and-file-led solidarity unionism.\"}]","Educators Striking for a Better World - The Significance of Social Movement and Solidarity Unionisms | PDF",1792080069]