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The study draws on scenarios to survey educational policy-makers across New Zealand, Australia, Hong Kong SAR, and Taiwan. It presents six scenarios summarized by distinct dimensions such as attitudes, goals, organization, geopolitical factors, and the teaching force, highlighting contested and contextual education-policy decisions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/educational-policy-and-notions-of-citizenship-in-four-asia-pacific-societies-submitted-manuscript/592088/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/educational-policy-and-notions-of-citizenship-in-four-asia-pacific-societies-submitted-manuscript/592088.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Grenda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the main purpose of the article?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The article uses OECD/CERI future schooling scenarios to analyze how notions of citizenship are embedded in educational policies and the organization of compulsory schooling.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which Asia-Pacific societies are used as examples?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Examples are drawn from New Zealand, Australia, Hong Kong SAR, and Taiwan.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How are the six scenarios organized and what dimensions describe them?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The six scenarios are organized under three main headings (status quo, re-schooling, and de-schooling) and described using dimensions including attitudes and political support, goals and functions, organizations and structures, the geo-political dimension, and the teaching force.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},592088,1792191560,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},7971474921005,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Asia Pacific Education Review Copyright 2004 by Education Research Institute  \n2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 178-187.  \nEducational Policy and Notions of Citizenship in Four Asia-Pacific Societies  \nCarol Mutch  \nChristchurch College of Education  \nNew Zealand  \nThe future schooling scenarios prepared by the OECD/CERI (OECD, 2001) are the focus of this article, first because they provide a useful tool for futures thinking in educational settings and, second, because they provide an analytic framework to investigate how notions of citizenship are embedded in educational policies and in the organisation of compulsory schooling. This article outlines the scenarios developed by the OECD/CERI, describes how these were used to conduct a survey of educational policy-makers in the Asia-Pacific region and then uses the scenarios as a framework to investigate the embedded nature of citizenship characteristics in educational policy positions. Examples will be drawn from four societies in the Asia-Pacific region – New Zealand, Australia, Hong Kong SAR and Taiwan.  \nKey Words: policy, citizenship, Asia-Pacific region  \nA recent survey of educational policy-makers in the Asia-Pacific region (Cogan & Baumgart, 2003) made use of the future schooling scenarios prepared by the OECD/CERI 1 during the first phase of the Schooling for Tomorrow study (OECD, 2001) . These scenarios are the focus of this paper, firstly, because they provide a useful tool for futures thinking in educational settings and, secondly, because they provide an analytic framework to investigate how notions of citizenship are embedded in educational policies and in the organisation of compulsory schooling.  \nThis article begins by outlining the scenarios developed by OECD/CERI, describes how these were used to conduct a survey of educational policy-makers in the Asia-Pacific region and then uses the scenarios as a framework to investigate the embedded nature of citizenship characteristics in educational policy positions. Examples will be drawn from four societies  \nCarol Mutch, School of Professional Development, Christchurch College of Education, New Zealand. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Dr Carol Mutch, Associate Director, School of Professional Development, PO Box 31 065, Christchurch, New Zealand. Electronic mail may be sent to [carol.mutch@cce.ac.nz](carol.mutch@cce.ac.nz)  \nthat participated in the Asia-Pacific study – New Zealand, Australia, Hong Kong SAR and Taiwan.  \nAs well as using the scenarios as a tool to deconstruct the discourses in educational policy initiatives, this article highlights the contextual and contested nature of education policy decisions, curriculum development and notions of citizenship.  \nThe Six Scenarios  \nThe original scenarios are best described in What Schools for the Future? (OECD, 2001) . The six scenarios are organised under three main headings (see Table 1) as scenarios that either continued the status quo or offered alternative views of schooling through re-schooling or de-schooling. Each of the scenarios was developed around the following dimensions:  \n• attitudes, expectations, political support;  \n• goals and functions;  \n• organisations and structures;  \n• the geo-political dimension; and  \n• the teaching force.  \nNotions of Citizenship  \n\n| Table 1. Six scenarios for future schooling |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Status Quo | Re-schooling | De-schooling |\n| Scenario 1: | Scenario 3: | Scenario 5: |\n| Bureaucratic school system | Schools as core social centres | Networks and the network society |\n| Scenario 2: | Scenario 4: | Scenario 6: |\n| Extending the market model | Schools as focused learning organisations | Meltdown and teacher exodus |\n|  |  |  |\n\nThe scenarios are presented below in summary form as described by Baumgart (2002) .  \n1) Schools remain robust, bureaucratic organisations with strong pressures towards uniformity through well-defined curriculum and assessment strategies attuned to explicit","cbCaidsekYYGuQ36","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidsekYYGuQ36","pdf",127603,"English","# The focus and purpose of the article\n## The six scenarios\n## Notions of Citizenship\n## The Asia-Pacific Study","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the article?\",\"answer\":\"The article uses OECD/CERI future schooling scenarios to analyze how notions of citizenship are embedded in educational policies and the organization of compulsory schooling.\"},{\"question\":\"Which Asia-Pacific societies are used as examples?\",\"answer\":\"Examples are drawn from New Zealand, Australia, Hong Kong SAR, and Taiwan.\"},{\"question\":\"How are the six scenarios organized and what dimensions describe them?\",\"answer\":\"The six scenarios are organized under three main headings (status quo, re-schooling, and de-schooling) and described using dimensions including attitudes and political support, goals and functions, organizations and structures, the geo-political dimension, and the teaching force.\"}]","Educational Policy and Notions of Citizenship in Four Asia-Pacific Societies - Submitted manuscript | PDF",1792073832,25]