[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-457812-105":59,"doc-detail-457812-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","educational-measurement-chapter-8-test-administration-and-scoring","Educational Measurement - Chapter 8 - Test Administration and Scoring","","Chapter 8 of Educational Measurement examines how test administration and item-level scoring practices affect the validity of score inferences. It outlines four validity-linked aspects of administration: standardization, administration modalities, accommodations, and nonstandard administration, emphasizing consistent procedures while addressing necessary differences for accommodations. The chapter then surveys current and emerging approaches to human versus machine-based scoring, including machine scoring technologies for text and speech content, and discusses reliability and validity framing for automated scoring systems.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/educational-measurement-chapter-8-test-administration-and-scoring/457812/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/educational-measurement-chapter-8-test-administration-and-scoring/457812.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mary Man","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does test administration support the validity of score inferences?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It supports validity by ensuring that directions, conditions, and scoring align with intended test content and response processes, so interpretations of test scores remain meaningful.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does standardization mean in test administration and scoring?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Standardization means applying detailed procedures consistently across test takers, so the opportunities to demonstrate competence and resulting score interpretations are comparable.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why can standardization differ across test takers when accommodations are used?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Proper interpretation recognizes that the same testing conditions may not be appropriate for everyone; accommodations such as extended time or reading items change conditions and require careful specification and analysis of impact on score interpretation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},457812,1791298773,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},7421720224475,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","8  \nTest Administration and Scoring  \nMark D. Shermis  \nPerformance Assessment Analytics  \nAllan S. Cohen University of Georgia  \nJordan M. Wheeler  \nUniversity of Nebraska–Lincoln  \nSher mis, M . D. , Cohen, A . S . , & Wheeler, J. M . (2025) . Test administration and scoring. In L . L . Cook & M . J. Pitoniak (Eds. ), Educational measurement (5th ed. , pp. 513–579) . Oxford University Press.  \nDOI: 10. 1093/oso/9780197654965 .003.0008  \n 514   EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT  \ne 􀀞rst four sources of validity evidence described in the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (Standards; American Educational Research Association [AE􀀝] et al., 2014) focus on test content, response processes, internal structure, and relations to other variables. Each of these sources is heavily dependent on test administration and scoring. During test administration, the test taker interacts with the test; the presentation of the items should re􀀜ect the test content as intended by the test developer. And the test-taker interaction with the test should support the expected response processes. Item scoring should also align with the expected scoring behavior by the test developer and enable the analysis of data in support of validity. Ultimately, test administration and scoring procedures should support the intended interpretation of test scores. When test administration or scoring problems occur, they can undermine the validity of score inferences.  \nis chapter focuses on current and emerging practices in test administration and item-level scoring. We start by addressing the role of test administration in the assessment process and how to maintain the integrity of test administration through test security. en, we discuss the role of human and machine-based scoring systems, provide examples of several machine-based scoring systems, and illustrate new technologies for determining text and speech content. Finally, we provide research results on machine scoring systems, suggest how to frame issues of reliability and validity for machine scoring systems, and reference how this technology is making inroads internationally.  \nTEST ADMINISTRATION  \nFour aspects oftest administration support the validity of test score inferences: (a) the role of standardization, (b) test administration modalities, (c) test accommodations, and (d) nonstandard test administration.  \nThe Role of Standardization  \nStandardization means that the test administration and scoring are applied consistently across all test takers. As noted in the Standards,“When directions, testing conditions, and scoring follow the same detailed procedures for all test takers, the test is said tobe standardized” (AE􀀝 et al., 2014, p. 111). Standardization is intended to provide all test takers the same opportunity to demonstrate their competence and ensure that the interpretation of score(s) is the same for all test takers taking the same or di􀀛erent forms of the test.  \ne Standards (AE􀀝 et al., 2014) also take into account, however, that not all test takers may be able to demonstrate their competencies using the same procedures. erefore, proper interpretation of standardization acknowledges that the same testing conditions may not be appropriate for all test takers. For example, test takers who receive extended time or have someone read the items to them as a test accommodation do not have the same testing conditions as test takers who do not receive these accommodations. In such cases, it is critical to specify, support, and ensure testing procedures  \nTest Administration and Scoring   515   \nthat provide all test takers with an opportunity to demonstrate the same knowledge, skills, abilities, or other competencies concerning the [construct being measured. at](construct being measured. at)[ ](construct being measured. at)is, ensuring the same construct is measured under such necessary di􀀛erences in testing procedures is a signi􀀞cant concern. It is the responsibility of the test developer and a","cbCaiaXPqkRsRJ75","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaXPqkRsRJ75","pdf",969040,67,"English","# Test Administration and Scoring\n## Four aspects supporting validity of test score inferences\n## The Role of Standardization\n## Test Administration Modalities","[{\"question\":\"How does test administration support the validity of score inferences?\",\"answer\":\"It supports validity by ensuring that directions, conditions, and scoring align with intended test content and response processes, so interpretations of test scores remain meaningful.\"},{\"question\":\"What does standardization mean in test administration and scoring?\",\"answer\":\"Standardization means applying detailed procedures consistently across test takers, so the opportunities to demonstrate competence and resulting score interpretations are comparable.\"},{\"question\":\"Why can standardization differ across test takers when accommodations are used?\",\"answer\":\"Proper interpretation recognizes that the same testing conditions may not be appropriate for everyone; accommodations such as extended time or reading items change conditions and require careful specification and analysis of impact on score interpretation.\"}]","Educational Measurement - Chapter 8 - Test Administration and Scoring | PDF",1790750542,169]