[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-590831-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-590831-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","educational-attainment-and-nonwage-labor-market-returns-in-the-united-states","Educational Attainment and Nonwage Labor Market Returns in the United States","","Examines how educational attainment influences nonwage labor market outcomes in the United States, where health insurance and retirement income are typically linked to employment. Using longitudinal, nationally representative data, the study evaluates predictions of employment status and markers of “good” jobs while controlling for individual and institutional characteristics. Results show that schooling levels forecast access to employer-provided health and dental insurance, retirement plans, and paid leave, with complex variation by subbaccalaureate attainment.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/educational-attainment-and-nonwage-labor-market-returns-in-the-united-states/590831/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/educational-attainment-and-nonwage-labor-market-returns-in-the-united-states/590831.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Stanford","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":30},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"本研究关注的“非工资”劳动市场回报包括哪些方面？","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"研究关注教育对非工资就业结果的影响，包含获得雇主提供的健康与牙科保险、退休计划、带薪假期等就业福利，以及就业相关的“好工作”指标。","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"研究如何评估教育程度与就业结果之间的关系？",{"text":67,"@type":63},"研究使用纵向、全国代表性数据，控制个体与机构层面的多种特征，并考察不同教育水平对就业与福利获得的预测作用。",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"教育回报在不同受教育层次之间是否存在差异？",{"text":71,"@type":63},"存在。研究通过区分不同的专上教育层次，说明未完成4年学位者在非工资回报方面呈现复杂差异，且2年制与4年制未完成的群体也有不同表现。","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},590831,1792623086,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":30,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336477552062,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","AERA Open  \nJuly-September 2019, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 1–18 DOI: 10. 1177/2332858419874056  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© The Author(s) 2019. [http://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero](http://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero)  \nEducational Attainment and Nonwage Labor Market Returns  \nin the United States  \nLauren Schudde   \nKaitlin Bernell  \nThe University of Texas at Austin  \nAlthough decades of research highlight the impact of schooling on earnings, less evidence exists regarding other employment outcomes. Nonwage labor market returns to education are important in the United States, where health insurance and retirement income are typically tied to employment. Using longitudinal, nationally representative data, we examine the role of educational attainment in predicting nonwage employment outcomes and control for a host of individual and institutional measures. Even after controlling for individual and institutional characteristics, results indicate that educational attainment predicts employment and markers of “good”jobs, like access to employer-provided health and dental insurances, retirement plans, and paid leave. Furthermore, by delineating between various subbaccalaureate levels of college attainment, our results illustrate the complex variation in returns to college for those who did not complete a 4-year degree.  \nKeywords: educational attainment, postsecondary education, labor market returns, labor market outcomes, employment, unemployment  \nEducational attainment is an important determinant of economic and social successes. Despite a robust literature examining the impact of schooling on earnings, substantially less evidence exists regarding the link between educational attainment and other employment-related outcomes, including benefits such as paid vacation, sick days, insurances, and retirement plans. Along with factors like job security, flexibility, and safety, which are difficult to quantify, benefits influence individuals’ employment decisions (Duncan, 1977; Oreopoulos & Salvanes, 2011) . Given the substantial costs of higher education, prospective students need information regarding the likely outcomes of educational attainment, including nonpecuniary benefits.  \nThis study contributes to the literature by examining employment outcomes aside from earnings in relation to various levels of educational attainment. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) to follow a nationally representative sample of 12- to 16-year-olds through secondary and postsecondary education and into their early careers. We find that, even after controlling for a variety of individual and institutional characteristics, more education is generally linked to better employment-related outcomes. In the face of debates over contingent labor, health care reform, social security, the value of higher education, and the social safety net, the primary mode of access to health insurance and retirement  \nbenefits in the United States is still through employment. Our study illustrates that, controlling for a host of background factors, educational attainment predicts access to these crucial benefits. The results also illustrate differences in nonwage returns across levels of educational attainment, including noncompletion at 2-year and 4-year colleges.  \nPrevious Literature  \nEmployment Returns Beyond Earnings: Why Do Nonearning Outcomes Matter?  \nThe literature on nonearning employment-related outcomes, including dimensions of job quality, stability of employment, and ability to find work, is substantially smaller than the literature on earnings. Extant research tends to equate job quality with earnings, but that formula frames“good jobs” simply as those met with high wages and “bad jobs” as those with low wage returns (Acemoglu, 2001) . Such a narrow framing “neglects a host of other employment features”(Liu, Thomas, & Zh","cbCaityy3wKAVupW","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaityy3wKAVupW","pdf",409652,18,"English","# Educational Attainment and Nonwage Labor Market Returns in the United States\n## Keywords and Study Motivation\n## Previous Literature\n## Employment Returns Beyond Earnings: Why Do Nonearning Outcomes Matter?\n## Nonpecuniary Job Quality and Benefits","[{\"question\":\"本研究关注的“非工资”劳动市场回报包括哪些方面？\",\"answer\":\"研究关注教育对非工资就业结果的影响，包含获得雇主提供的健康与牙科保险、退休计划、带薪假期等就业福利，以及就业相关的“好工作”指标。\"},{\"question\":\"研究如何评估教育程度与就业结果之间的关系？\",\"answer\":\"研究使用纵向、全国代表性数据，控制个体与机构层面的多种特征，并考察不同教育水平对就业与福利获得的预测作用。\"},{\"question\":\"教育回报在不同受教育层次之间是否存在差异？\",\"answer\":\"存在。研究通过区分不同的专上教育层次，说明未完成4年学位者在非工资回报方面呈现复杂差异，且2年制与4年制未完成的群体也有不同表现。\"}]","Educational Attainment and Nonwage Labor Market Returns in the United States | PDF",1792070520,45]