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Candidates completed the Diversity Dispositions Index as a pretest and posttest. Although diversity dispositions were generally reported as positive, cultural proficiency instruction and related activities, combined with reflection on a school community service project, produced no significant gains in community connection dispositions across differing service learning settings.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/educational-administration-candidates-diversity-dispositions-the-effect-of-cultural-proficiency-and-service-learning/603440/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/educational-administration-candidates-diversity-dispositions-the-effect-of-cultural-proficiency-and-service-learning/603440.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"moss~","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the purpose of the study described in the document?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To explore how school community relations instruction affects educational administration candidates’ skills, beliefs, and connections to the community.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did candidates measure their diversity dispositions in the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Candidates completed the Diversity Dispositions Index as a pretest and posttest to self-assess their perceptions.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What was the main finding about cultural proficiency instruction and service learning?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Despite generally positive dispositions, cultural proficiency instruction and service learning reflections resulted in insignificant gains in community connection dispositions regardless of the service learning setting.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},603440,1792166711,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090895452,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Educational Administration Candidates’Diversity Dispositions: The Effect of Cultural Proficiency and Service Learning  \nKay A. Keiser  \nUniversity of Nebraska at Omaha  \nTo creatively and competently utilize community resources and to work successfully for the benefit of all students requires that educational leaders develop positive diversity dispositions. This study explores the effect of school community relations instruction in enhancing educational administration candidates’ skills, beliefs, and connections to the community. As a pretest and posttest, candidates completed the Diversity Dispositions Index to self-assess their perceptions. While these dispositions were generally reported to be positive, cultural proficiency instruction and activities, along with reflection upon a school community service project, resulted insignificant gain in community connection dispositions regardless of the service learning setting.  \nIntroduction  \nMore than ever before, those who train educators need to assist candidates in cultivating their positive diversity dispositions in order to help all students succeed. In a time when school resources are limited, communities are an underappreciated resource, not only to PK–12 schools but to universities as well (Price, 2008) . Yet while American educators today are serving an increasingly diverse community, educators are predominately middle-class, European American, and English-only speakers (Banks et al., 2005; Jazzar & Algozzine, 2006; Swartz, 2003; Zeichner, 2003) . Not only must school leaders understand students’ communities and experience, they also need the willingness, attitudes, and ethics—or dispositions—to work well with diversity and to teach these skills to others (Lindsey, Robins, & Terrell, 2003) . Dispositions may be defined as,“values, commitments, and professional ethics that influence behaviors toward students, families, colleagues, and communities”(NCATE, 2002, p. 53) . More specifically, diversity dispositions include the skills, beliefs, and connections to be successful within the community (Schulte, Edwards, & Edick, 2009) . For school administrators, the objective is to become a leader who “promotes the success of students by collaborating with families and community members, responding to the diverse community interests and needs, and mobilizing community resources”(CCSSO, 2007, p. 16) .  \nIn order for educators to understand the role they play in a diverse community, it is not enough to participate in preparation programs that espouse  \nCAPEA Education Leadership and Administration, Vol. 21—2009  \n©2010 DEStech Publications, Inc. 59  \n60 CAPEA Education Leadership and Administration  \nmulticultural education. Candidates must have opportunities to engage indialog on social justice and to reflect about personal beliefs, as well as practice in culturally diverse settings (Barnes, 2006; Guerra & Nelson, 2008; Hafner, 2006; Howard & Del Rosairo, 2000) .  \nDiversity Dispositions for Administrator Candidates  \nMany university programs that prepare school leaders include courses or program emphasis on diversity and equity, though the number of resources that address teaching social justice in leadership preparation programs is small (Hafner, 2006) . At our Midwestern university, educational administration faculty have begun to address sociocultural consciousness, cultural proficiency, and community connections with candidates in an intentional, developmental manner in order to promote measurable growth in knowledge, skills, and dispositions of diversity.  \nDeveloping Sociocultural Consciousness  \nAn educator’s knowledge of diversity dispositions is founded in self-awareness. Sociocultural consciousness is “the awareness that a person’s worldview isnot universal, but is profoundly influenced by life experiences”(Villegas & Lucas, 2007, p. 31) . Educators without this awareness overuse their own experience, and may misinterpret communication and behaviors of students and othe","cbCaiqHPmYV7J8LM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqHPmYV7J8LM","pdf",76112,13,"English","# Introduction\n# Diversity Dispositions for Administrator Candidates\n## Developing Sociocultural Consciousness\n## Developing Cultural Proficiency","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of the study described in the document?\",\"answer\":\"To explore how school community relations instruction affects educational administration candidates’ skills, beliefs, and connections to the community.\"},{\"question\":\"How did candidates measure their diversity dispositions in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Candidates completed the Diversity Dispositions Index as a pretest and posttest to self-assess their perceptions.\"},{\"question\":\"What was the main finding about cultural proficiency instruction and service learning?\",\"answer\":\"Despite generally positive dispositions, cultural proficiency instruction and service learning reflections resulted in insignificant gains in community connection dispositions regardless of the service learning setting.\"}]","Educational Administration Candidates’ Diversity Dispositions - The Effect of Cultural Proficiency and Service Learning | PDF",1792096242,33]