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Dietary management is essential therapy, yet maintaining a diabetic diet can create meaningful daily burdens that affect functioning. This cross-sectional anonymous online questionnaire study examined perceived burden and practical challenges in 109 women with current or past GDM over the previous five years. Key outcomes included difficulties with glycemic control, time and financial demands, diet preferences, and family attitudes. Insulin-treated women reported more challenges, and 53.2% reported worse daily functioning, highlighting the need for individualized counseling.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/education-pregnancy-status-and-diet-adherence-in-gestational-diabetes-perceived-burden-of-dietary-management/461423/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/education-pregnancy-status-and-diet-adherence-in-gestational-diabetes-perceived-burden-of-dietary-management/461423.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Anna Hans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the aim of the study on women with gestational diabetes?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To assess perceived burden and practical challenges related to following a diabetic diet in women with gestational diabetes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was dietary burden measured in this research?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Using a cross-sectional anonymous online questionnaire addressing self-reported difficulties in maintaining normal blood glucose, diet adherence, time and grocery expense increases, dietary preferences, and family attitudes.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the study find about daily functioning and insulin treatment?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Overall, 53.2% of respondents reported that a diabetic diet made daily functioning more difficult, mainly due to increased time and financial demands; women treated with insulin reported more difficulties maintaining normal blood glucose.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},461423,1790828360,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},5909892332657,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Article  \nEducation, Pregnancy Status, and Diet Adherence in Gestational Diabetes: Perceived Burden of Dietary Management  \nKatarzyna Tomczewska 1, Katarzyna Tomczyk 2, *, Małgorzata Kampioni 2, Witold M. K˛edzia 3, Paweł Rzymski 1 and Małgorzata K˛edzia 2  \nReceived: 1 December 2025  \nRevised: 22 December 2025  \nAccepted: 30 December 2025  \nPublished: 2 January 2026  \nCopyright: © 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Department of Mother’s and Child’s Health and Minimally Invasive Gynecology, Gynecologic and Obstetrical University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland  \n2 Department of Reproduction and Gynecology, Gynecologic and Obstetrical University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland  \n3 Student Scientific Association of Department of Reproduction and Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland  \n* Correspondence: [katarzyna.zielin@gmail.com](katarzyna.zielin@gmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nBackground: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic complications of pregnancy, and its prevalence continues to rise worldwide. Dietary management is the cornerstone of therapy, yet adherence may impose a substantial everyday burden. This study aimed to assess perceived burden and practical challenges related to following a diabetic diet in women with GDM. Methods: A cross-sectional anonymous online questionnaire study was conducted among 109 women with a current or past diagnosis of GDM within the previous five years. The survey addressed self-reported difficulties in maintaining normal blood glucose levels, adherence to a diabetic diet, perceived increases in grocery expenses, time required for meal preparation, dietary preferences, and family attitudes toward the diet. Associations between categorical variables were analyzed using contingency tables and the contingency coefficient. Results: Women with insulin-treated GDM (GDM2) reported more difficulties maintaining normal blood glucose levels than women treated with diet and physical activity alone (GDM1) (p = 0.014) . Educational level was associated with perceived financial burden (p = 0.013) and meal preparation time (p = 0.003) . These patterns likely reflect both differences in economic resources and the extent of dietary changes undertaken, rather than uniform differences in nutritional awareness. Pregnancy status was associated with dietary preferences, as non-pregnant respondents more often reported liking diabetic-diet meals than pregnant respondents (p = 0.037) . Overall, 53.2% of respondents reported that a diabetic diet made daily functioning more difficult, mainly due to increased time and financial demands. Conclusions: Dietary management of GDM is associated with a meaningful perceived burden, especially among women requiring insulin therapy and those facing financial and time constraints. Understanding these subjective challenges may support more individualized dietary counseling and patient-centered care.  \nKeywords: gestational diabetes; quality of life; diet; education  \n1. Introduction  \nGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is currently one of the most common metabolic complications of pregnancy, and its prevalence continues to rise globally [1–4] . According  \nto the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (PTGiP), GDM affects approximately 5–6% of pregnancies in Europe, although epidemiological trends indicate a steady upward trajectory, particularly in regions with increasing rates of obesity and delayed childbearing [2,5] . GDM typically develops in the second half of pregnancy and is usually asymptomatic, which makes routine screening essential. The diagnostic criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obste","cbCaimlgFyNF2UbC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimlgFyNF2UbC","pdf",632081,"English","# Abstract\n## Methods and Participants\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Introduction\n## Epidemiology and Diagnosis\n## Pathophysiology and Treatment\n## Adherence Burden","[{\"question\":\"What was the aim of the study on women with gestational diabetes?\",\"answer\":\"To assess perceived burden and practical challenges related to following a diabetic diet in women with gestational diabetes.\"},{\"question\":\"How was dietary burden measured in this research?\",\"answer\":\"Using a cross-sectional anonymous online questionnaire addressing self-reported difficulties in maintaining normal blood glucose, diet adherence, time and grocery expense increases, dietary preferences, and family attitudes.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find about daily functioning and insulin treatment?\",\"answer\":\"Overall, 53.2% of respondents reported that a diabetic diet made daily functioning more difficult, mainly due to increased time and financial demands; women treated with insulin reported more difficulties maintaining normal blood glucose.\"}]","Education, Pregnancy Status, and Diet Adherence in Gestational Diabetes: Perceived Burden of Dietary Management | PDF",1790761573,25]