[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-602286-105":59,"doc-detail-602286-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","education-policy-analysis-archives-vol-33-no-16-research-article","Education Policy Analysis Archives - Vol. 33 No. 16 - Research Article","","This study examines student movement in suburban Detroit through open enrollment and inter-district school choice, testing whether absolute levels and changes in Black, economically disadvantaged, and nonresident enrollment are perceived as racial threats by suburban families. Using a multilevel discrete-time survival analysis, the study finds resident students are far more likely to exit their district when district Black enrollment levels and changes increase, with similarly elevated effects for nonresident shares. The results suggest school choice policies may contribute to racial inequality and shift resources away from urban and exurban systems.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/education-policy-analysis-archives-vol-33-no-16-research-article/602286/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/education-policy-analysis-archives-vol-33-no-16-research-article/602286.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"dawugda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What policy mechanisms does the study focus on in suburban Detroit?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It focuses on open enrollment and inter-district school choice as mechanisms driving student movement from suburban school districts.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the study measure students’ likelihood of exiting a district?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It uses a multilevel discrete-time survival analysis to estimate how enrollment patterns relate to subsequent district exit or relocation.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What main pattern does the study find regarding Black student enrollment?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Resident students are much more likely to use school choice to exit their district and to move to a new district as the absolute percentage of Black students and changes in Black enrollment increase.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},602286,1792170697,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747870947,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","| education policy analysis archives\u003Cbr>A peer-reviewed, independent, open access, multilingual journal | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Arizona State University |  |\n| Volume 33 Number 16 February 18 , 2025 ISSN 1068-2341 |  |\n\nFleeing School Choice? Resident Student Exit from  \nSuburban School Districts1  \nSarah Winchell Lenhoff  \n&  \nBen Pogodzinski  \nWayne State University  \nKate Rollert French  \nHope College  \n&  \nWalter Cook  \nDetroit Public Schools Community District  \nUnited States  \nCitation: Lenhoff, S. W., Pogodzinski, B., French, K. R., & Cook, W. (2025). Fleeing school choice? Resident student exit from suburban school districts. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 33(16) .  \n[https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.33.8630](https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.33.8630)  \nAbstract: This study examines the movement of students in suburban Detroit through open enrollment, or inter-district school choice. We examine whether absolute levels and changes in the  \n1 This research was supported in part by the Skillman Foundation, under grants 1906-2018001501 and 2006- 2018002567. This research result used data collected and maintained by the Michigan Department of Education (MDE) and/or Michigan’s Center for Educational Performance and Information (CEPI) . Results, information and opinions solely represent the analysis, information and opinions of the authors and are not endorsed by – or reflect the views or positions of– grantors, MDE and CEPI or any employee thereof.  \nJournal website: [http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/ ](http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/  Manuscript)[ Manuscript](http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/  Manuscript) received: 24/3/2024  \nFacebook: /EPAAA Revisions received: 20/10/2024  \nTwitter: @epaa_aape Accepted: 13/11/2024  \nEducation Policy Analysis Archives Vol. 33 No. 16 2  \ndistrict enrollment of Black, economically disadvantaged, and nonresident students are perceived as racial threats by suburban families, leading them to exit their local school districts, through school or residential mobility. Using a multilevel discrete time survival analysis, we found that, for each standard deviation increase in the absolute percentage of Black students in the district, resident students were nearly eight times more likely to use school choice to exit their district the subsequent school year, and for every standard deviation increase in the change of Black enrollment in the district, resident students were 32 times more likely to move to a new district. For every standard deviation increase in the absolute percentage of nonresident students in the district, a resident student was 3.5 times more likely to move to a different district. This study adds to the evidence that school choice policies may contribute to racial inequality and raises questions about the logic of shifting state education resources to nonresident districts, rather than investing in strengthening urban and exurban school systems.  \nKeywords: school choice; race; parents; suburbs; enrollment  \n¿Huyendo de la libertad de elección de escuela? Los estudiantes residentes abandonan los distritos escolares suburbanos  \nResumen: Este estudio examina el movimiento de estudiantes en los suburbios de Detroit a través de la inscripción abierta o la elección escolar entre distritos. Analizamos si los niveles absolutos y los cambios en la inscripción de estudiantes negros, económicamente desfavorecidos y no residentes en el distrito son percibidos como amenazas raciales por las familias suburbanas, llevándolas aabandonar sus distritos escolares locales mediante movilidad escolar o residencial. Utilizando un análisis de supervivencia multinivel con tiempo discreto, encontramos que, por cada aumento de una desviación estándar en el porcentaje absoluto de estudiantes negros en el distrito, los estudiantes residentes tenían casi ocho veces más probabilidades de usar la elección escolar para salir de su distrito en el siguiente año escolar. Además, por cada aumento de una desviación estándar en el cambio en la inscr","cbCaibzKl6ONDNdd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibzKl6ONDNdd","pdf",346382,25,"English","# Abstract\n## Research question and context\n## Methods: multilevel discrete-time survival analysis\n## Key findings on student exit and mobility\n## Implications for racial inequality and resource allocation","[{\"question\":\"What policy mechanisms does the study focus on in suburban Detroit?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on open enrollment and inter-district school choice as mechanisms driving student movement from suburban school districts.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study measure students’ likelihood of exiting a district?\",\"answer\":\"It uses a multilevel discrete-time survival analysis to estimate how enrollment patterns relate to subsequent district exit or relocation.\"},{\"question\":\"What main pattern does the study find regarding Black student enrollment?\",\"answer\":\"Resident students are much more likely to use school choice to exit their district and to move to a new district as the absolute percentage of Black students and changes in Black enrollment increase.\"}]","Education Policy Analysis Archives - Vol. 33 No. 16 - Research Article | PDF",1792094406,63]