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In Malawi, the Malawi Prisons Service (MPS) treated education as a strategic objective in its five-year plan (2016–2021) to improve access to quality education in correctional facilities. This study compared the strategic education objective with implementation reality using Bunning’s strategic planning model and qualitative hybrid content analysis. Data came from semi-structured interviews with 25 educators and officials in five young offenders’ rehabilitation centres. Results showed a mismatch, with limited resources and continued punitive priorities, and advised prioritizing quality education in correctional policies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/education-of-incarcerated-young-people-in-malawi-strategic-plan-versus-reality/603090/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/education-of-incarcerated-young-people-in-malawi-strategic-plan-versus-reality/603090.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"MrHarris58","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the MPS education objective in the 2016–2021 strategic plan?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The plan included expanding and improving offender reformation programmes, with education as a key objective to increase access for incarcerated school-aged young people, including enrolling them in primary and secondary education within facilities.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did the study evaluate the strategic plan against real implementation?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Guided by Bunning’s model, the study used qualitative hybrid content analysis and analysed semi-structured interview data from 25 educators and officials across five young offenders’ rehabilitation centres.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the study find about the implementation outcome?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Findings revealed a mismatch between the strategic education objective and actual reality, including limited resources for education and management priorities favouring coerced farming over education, leaving facilities largely in a punitive philosophy.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},603090,1792457285,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31},687212988360,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Education of Incarcerated Young People in Malawi: Strategic Plan versus Reality  \nSamson CR KAJAWO1  \nUniversity of South Africa  \nLineo R JOHNSON2  \nUniversity of South Africa  \nAbstract  \nEducation must be accessible to all citizens, including those incarcerated in penitentiaries, to contribute to the socio-economic development of the countries. In Malawi, to enhance incarcerated people’s access to quality education in correctional facilities, the Malawi Prisons Service (MPS) included education as a strategic objective in its five-year strategic plan covering the period between 2016 and 2021. This article analysed and compared this strategic education objective against reality to ascertain its implementation and relevance during the implementation period. Guided by Bunning's model of strategic planning, the study employed a qualitative content analysis research method using the 'hybrid approach'. The study mainly used data from the semi-structured interviews involving purposively selected 25 educators and officials from five young offenders' rehabilitation centres in Malawi. Findings revealed a mismatch between the contents of the strategic education objective and the actual reality. The study identified characteristics of Bunning’s ritual approach since it was revealed that the strategic plan was developed to please the government and development partners. From the education objective viewpoint, the strategic plan was hardly used during the five years since the educational activities remained the same (even worse) after the implementation period. The young offenders' facilities were still stuck in the punitive philosophy, as evidenced by limited resources in the education section and the management's priority on coerced farming instead of education. It was recommended that the correctional administrations needed to prioritise the provision of quality education for school-aged offenders in correctional policies.  \nKeywords: Correctional Education, Rehabilitation, Correctional Policy, Strategic Plan, Juveniles.  \nDOI: 10.29329/epasr.2023.548.1  \nSubmitted:27 January 2023 Accepted: 19 April 2023 Published: 01 June 2023  \n1Doctor of Philosophy, College of Education, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, ORCID: 0000-0001-5029- 9555  \nCorrespondence: [samsonkajawo@gmail.com](samsonkajawo@gmail.com)  \n2Associate Professor, College of Education, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, ORCID: 0000-0003-3129-  \n2088, Email: [johnslr@unisa.ac.za](johnslr@unisa.ac.za)  \nIntroduction  \nEducation is an indisputable device that provides unlimited opportunities to people. In Malawi, the country's constitution does not discriminate against the right to education based on anything, even incarceration, since, according to section 25(1), \"all persons are entitled to education\"(Government of Malaŵi, 2018, p. 16) . Moreover, section 163 of the same constitution mandates the Malawi Prisons Service (MPS) to not only house and detain prison inmates but also engage them in programmes, including education that will rehabilitate them. Furthermore, Malawi as a nation is obliged to provide education to incarcerated people because the Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognises education as one of the fundamental human rights that prisoners should also enjoy (UNESCO, 2021). According to UNESCO (2021), prisoners have the right to access quality education and lifelong learning during incarceration and after release. To fully engage in the education of offenders as a vital component of the constitutionally mandated rehabilitation function, the MPS included education activities in its strategic plan covering the period between 2016 and 2021 (MPS, 2016) . In this five-year strategic plan, the department identified and included six goals. Education objective was within the third goal, which was \"to expand and improve offender reformation programmes\" . The education objective committed the MPS to increase offenders' access to educ","cbCaioTJptXAsea0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioTJptXAsea0","pdf",433892,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Education in Young Ohffenders' Centres","[{\"question\":\"What was the MPS education objective in the 2016–2021 strategic plan?\",\"answer\":\"The plan included expanding and improving offender reformation programmes, with education as a key objective to increase access for incarcerated school-aged young people, including enrolling them in primary and secondary education within facilities.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the study evaluate the strategic plan against real implementation?\",\"answer\":\"Guided by Bunning’s model, the study used qualitative hybrid content analysis and analysed semi-structured interview data from 25 educators and officials across five young offenders’ rehabilitation centres.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find about the implementation outcome?\",\"answer\":\"Findings revealed a mismatch between the strategic education objective and actual reality, including limited resources for education and management priorities favouring coerced farming over education, leaving facilities largely in a punitive philosophy.\"}]","Education of Incarcerated Young People in Malawi - Strategic Plan versus Reality | PDF",1792095695]