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The paper describes how the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) designs programs aligned with access, equity, and quality. Its flexibilities, supported by Media and ICT, enable learning at each learner’s pace and place, including Indian Sign Language materials and parent orientation. The paper also highlights advocacy and collaboration with deaf organizations to expand education for deaf and hard-of-hearing learners.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/education-of-deaf-learners-through-open-schooling-system-in-india/592946/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/education-of-deaf-learners-through-open-schooling-system-in-india/592946.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Marglet","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What key challenges does the paper identify for education of disabled learners in India?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper highlights difficulties in identifying and serving disabled learners and in raising the quality of education amid policy constraints and gaps in implementation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does NIOS aim to address access, equity, and quality for deaf learners?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"NIOS uses flexible open schooling approaches supported by Media and ICT to allow learners to study at their own pace and place, and it develops learning materials in Indian Sign Language at the secondary level while orienting parents and learners.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which legal framework is emphasized as recognizing sign language and inclusive education?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The paper points to the Right of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016, which calls for inclusive education and states that education for children who are blind, deaf, or both should be provided in the most appropriate languages and communication modes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592946,1793123974,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},2336477982702,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Education of Deaf Learners through Open Schooling System in India  \nRajiv Kumar Singh 1 ,Sukanta Kumar Mahapatra 2  \nAbstract: The main challenges for education of disabled learners are identifying and serving these learners in India and raising the quality of education for them. While inclusion of children with disabilities into mainstream education has been challenging due to various policy constraints and gapsin implementation, the paper discusses how National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS), India has designed various educational programmes to achieve the three important principles of education policy viz. , access, equity and quality. Apart from it’s in-built flexibilities offered by NIOS, wherein learners are provided with due flexibilities and opportunities to learn at their own pace and place to every group of learners through use of Media and ICT support both in academic and evaluation system, NIOS has also developed mechanism of providing learning material in Indian Sign Language at secondary level(10th class) and orienting parents and learners through Indian Sign language dictionary. The paper also raises the debate of importance of advocacy and collaboration with various deaf enabled organisation to promote the education of deaf and hard-of-hearing learners in the country.  \nKeywords: Disability, Open Schooling, NIOS, Deaf, ISL, ODL, Technology  \nIntroduction  \nThe worldwide concern for achieving Education for all at elementary and secondary level of education has pushed for reforms in various countries including India since decades. However, in many countries including India, those with disabilities remain the most excluded and they have lesser access to healthcare and education, and in turn, they find it difficult for earning a living and lifting themselves out of poverty. Thus, Quality and inclusive education has been given due emphasis in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) agenda. SDG 4 advocates for inclusive and equitable quality education and promotion of life-long learning opportunities for all and focuses on eliminating gender disparities in education and ensuring equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities. In addition, the proposal calls for building and upgrading education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and also provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all. Target 4. (a) also emphasizes on education facilities and learning environments: ‘Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe non-violent inclusive and effective learning environments for all.’ No doubt, Millennium Development Goals (MDG) focused on education for all, since the MDGs were silent on issue of disability, Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) were excluded from many developmental initiatives including education (LCD, 2017) . However, commitments on disabilities reflected in 2030 agenda of achieving SDGs imply that the government policies and  \n[1](1 rksingh3122@gmail.com)[ rksingh3122@gmail.com](1 rksingh3122@gmail.com); National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS), NOIDA; ORCID: [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-3741](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-3741)  \n[2](2 sukanta.dse@gmail.com)[ ](2 sukanta.dse@gmail.com)[sukanta.dse@gmail.com](2 sukanta.dse@gmail.com); National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS), NOIDA; ORCID: [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-5885](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-5885)  \n26  \nstrategies will attempt to empower and address educational needs of Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) .  \nIn recent years, many programmes were devised to provide education to deaf Persons in India. For the first time in India, special schools were established for the deaf in Bombay in 1883. Presently, there are 386 government funded schools for the deaf persons across the country. Many NGOs have also set up deaf schools for providing education","cbCaiabK1mrT8BHZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiabK1mrT8BHZ","pdf",164853,"English","# Introduction\n# Education for Deaf Learners in India\n# Legislations","[{\"question\":\"What key challenges does the paper identify for education of disabled learners in India?\",\"answer\":\"The paper highlights difficulties in identifying and serving disabled learners and in raising the quality of education amid policy constraints and gaps in implementation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does NIOS aim to address access, equity, and quality for deaf learners?\",\"answer\":\"NIOS uses flexible open schooling approaches supported by Media and ICT to allow learners to study at their own pace and place, and it develops learning materials in Indian Sign Language at the secondary level while orienting parents and learners.\"},{\"question\":\"Which legal framework is emphasized as recognizing sign language and inclusive education?\",\"answer\":\"The paper points to the Right of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016, which calls for inclusive education and states that education for children who are blind, deaf, or both should be provided in the most appropriate languages and communication modes.\"}]","Education of Deaf Learners through Open Schooling System in India | PDF",1792076234,15]