[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-602069-105":59,"doc-detail-602069-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","education-in-times-of-global-crisis-how-private-actors-in-germany-gain-power-through-twitter-602069","Education in Times of Global Crisis - How Private Actors in Germany Gain Power through Twitter","","The COVID-19 pandemic triggered major societal changes worldwide, including the closure of schools and kindergartens, which created new opportunities for private actors—especially where school digitalization was relatively low—to gain influence in education. Using policy network approaches, network theory, and social network analysis, the study examines Twitter discussions on digital learning and homeschooling in Germany during school closures. It identifies actors and their influence within topic-specific communication networks, showing that individual experts, consultants, and corporations drive the discourse while public actors are scarcely visible.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/education-in-times-of-global-crisis-how-private-actors-in-germany-gain-power-through-twitter-602069/602069/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/education-in-times-of-global-crisis-how-private-actors-in-germany-gain-power-through-twitter-602069/602069.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"acoobca","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What situation created opportunities for private actors in Germany’s education sector?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"School and kindergarten closures during the COVID-19 pandemic created opportunities, particularly in contexts with comparatively low digitalization in schools.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the article study Twitter activity related to education?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It applies policy network approaches and network theory, using social network analysis to map actors and their influence in topic-specific Twitter communication networks.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which actors are shown to influence discussions on digital learning and homeschooling?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Individual experts and consultants, along with corporations, are found to primarily influence the discourse, while public actors remain barely visible.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},602069,1792166725,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747870733,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","education policy analysis archives  \nA peer-reviewed, independent, open access, multilingual journal  \nArizona State University  \n\n| Volume 29 Number 161 | November 29 , 2021 | ISSN 1068-2341 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n\nEducation in Times of Global Crisis: How Private Actors in Germany Gain Power through Twitter  \nJohannes Schuster  \n&  \nNina Kolleck  \nInstitute of Education Policy and Civic Education, Leipzig University  \nGermany  \nCitation: Schuster, J., & Kolleck, N. (2021). Education in times of global crisis: How private actors in Germany gain power through Twitter. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 29(161) .  \n[https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.29.6741](https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.29.6741)  \nAbstract: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led to enormous societal changes worldwide and touched many different areas of daily life. One of the most serious restrictions to contain the pandemic was the closure of schools and kindergartens. Particularly in countries with comparatively low levels of digitalization in schools, this situation opened up opportunities for private actors to gain importance and influence in the education sector. For this article, we draw on policy network approaches and network theory to analyze Twitter discussions around digital learning and homeschooling during the period of school closures in Germany due to the COVID-19 crisis. We use social network analysis to identify the actors involved and their influences in the issue-specific Twitter communication network. In recent years, Twitter has been increasingly used for exchanges on education policy content , mainly by political and civil society actors. Our study shows that with respect to digital learning and homeschooling, it was primarily individual experts and consultants as well as corporations which influenced the discourse. In particular, it appears that Twitter is used as a forum to promote corporations’ own products and platforms, including by globally operating corporations such as Microsoft and YouTube, while public actors remain barely visible.  \nKeywords: education policy; digitalization; Twitter; social network analysis; COVID- 19; Germany  \nEducación en tiempos de crisis global: Cómo los actores privados en Alemania ganan poder a través de Twitter  \nResumen: El estallido de la pandemia COVID-19 provocó enormes cambios socialesen todo el mundo y tocó muchas áreas diferentes de la vida diaria. Una de las restricciones más graves para contener la pandemia fue el cierre de escuelas y jardines de infancia. Particularmente en países con niveles comparativamente bajos de digitalización en las escuelas, esta situación abrió oportunidades para que los actoresprivados ganaran importancia e influencia en el sector educativo. Para este artículo, nos basamos en enfoques de redes de políticas y teoría de redes para analizar las discusiones de Twitter sobre el aprendizaje digital y la educación en el hogar durante el período decierre de escuelas en Alemania debido a la crisis del COVID-19. Utilizamos el análisis de redes sociales para identificar a los actores involucrados y sus influencias en la red de comunicación de Twitter específica del tema. En los últimos años, Twitter se hautilizado cada vez más para intercambiar contenido sobre políticas educativas, principalmente por parte de actores políticos y de la sociedad civil. Nuestro estudiomuestra que con respecto al aprendizaje digital y la educación en el hogar, fueron principalmente los expertos y consultores individuales, así como las corporaciones, los que influyeron en el discurso. En particular, parece que Twitter se utiliza como un foro para promover los propios productos y plataformas de las corporaciones, incluso por corporaciones que operan a nivel mundial como Microsoft y YouTube, mientras que los actores públicos siguen siendo apenas visibles.  \nPalabras-clave: política educativa; digitalización; Twitter; análisis de redes sociales; COVID-19; Alemania  \nEducação em tempos de crise global: Co","cbCaikGJJxXyT2hL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikGJJxXyT2hL","pdf",733714,28,"English","# Abstract\n## Research focus and method\n## Findings on actor influence\n## Role of Twitter in discourse","[{\"question\":\"What situation created opportunities for private actors in Germany’s education sector?\",\"answer\":\"School and kindergarten closures during the COVID-19 pandemic created opportunities, particularly in contexts with comparatively low digitalization in schools.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article study Twitter activity related to education?\",\"answer\":\"It applies policy network approaches and network theory, using social network analysis to map actors and their influence in topic-specific Twitter communication networks.\"},{\"question\":\"Which actors are shown to influence discussions on digital learning and homeschooling?\",\"answer\":\"Individual experts and consultants, along with corporations, are found to primarily influence the discourse, while public actors remain barely visible.\"}]","Education in Times of Global Crisis - How Private Actors in Germany Gain Power through Twitter | PDF",1792093973,71]