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It reviews diagnostic challenges of PSA screening, limitations of TRUS-guided systematic biopsy, and the role of multiparametric MRI for targeting biopsy sites. It also discusses combined biopsy strategies, active surveillance considerations, and advances including PSMA PET/CT with miTNM molecular imaging to refine staging and prognostication.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/editorial-petct-and-mri-in-prostate-cancer/341292/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/editorial-petct-and-mri-in-prostate-cancer/341292.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Maeve","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is precise diagnosis important in prostate cancer?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Prostate cancer ranges from slow-growing to highly life-threatening forms, and different grade groups show markedly different metastatic potential and cancer-specific mortality. Accurate staging and grading are therefore essential for appropriate management.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What are the limitations of PSA screening?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Serum PSA screening has faced criticism because trials show it can lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. PSA levels also may not reliably distinguish low-, intermediate-, and high-risk aggressive disease.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How do PET/CT and MRI contribute to diagnosis and staging?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Multiparametric MRI can help pinpoint biopsy sites and improve the detection and targeting of clinically relevant lesions, especially when combined with biopsy approaches. PSMA PET/CT supports molecular imaging classification (miTNM) with potential prognostic benefits due to improved sensitivity over conventional scans, while practical significance still requires evaluation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},341292,1790705747,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},5909877438554,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/5600025385ad2bf12a7?_k=1778553567797529272","TYPE Editorial  \nPUBLISHED 24 May 2024  \nDOI 10.3389/fonc.2024.1421542  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED AND REVIEWED BY Ronald M. Bukowski, Cleveland Clinic, United States  \n*CORRESPONDENCE Fabio Grizzi  \n fabio. grizzi@humanitasresearch. it Gianluigi Taverna  \n gianluigi.taverna@humanitas. it  \nRECEIVED 22 April 2024  \nACCEPTED 24 April 2024  \nPUBLISHED 24 May 2024  \nCITATION  \nGrizzi F and Taverna G (2024) Editorial: PET/CT and MRI in prostate cancer.  \nFront. Oncol. 14:1421542 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1421542  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2024 Grizzi and Taverna. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nEditorial: PET/CT and MRI in prostate cancer  \nFabio Grizzi 1,2* and Gianluigi Taverna 3*  \n1 Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy, 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy, 3 Department of Urology, Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza, Varese, Italy  \nKEYWORDS  \nprostate cancer, diagnosis, PET/CT, MRI, artificial intelligence  \nEditorial on the Research Topic  \nPET/CT and MRI in prostate cancer  \nProstate cancer (PCa) represents one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality (1) . Age, African ancestry, and a family history of PCa are widely recognized as established risk factors (2). PCa exhibits a wide spectrum of aggressiveness, ranging from slow-growing to highly life-threatening. Large-scale trials have demonstrated that low-grade PCa (grade group 1) is associated with a very low risk of cancer-specific death. On the other hand, cancers classified in grade groups 3 through 5 display significantly higher metastatic potential and accounted for the majority of the estimated deaths from PCa (3) . This diversity in the lethality of different PCa subtypes underscores the critical need for precise and accurate diagnosis of PCa. At diagnosis, 13% of PCa patients will have regional lymph node involvement and 8% will have distant metastasis (4) . The most common site of metastatic PCa (mPCa) involvement is the bone, accounting for up to 90% of mPCa. Visceral organ involvement, such as in the lung, liver, adrenal gland, and brain, is less common. When compared to localized PCa, the 5-year survival rate of mPCa declines significantly from 100% to 34.1% . Early detection of mPCa is crucial for treatment. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sanctioned the assessment of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a protein discharged by both healthy and cancerous prostate cells, in 1986 (5) . Initially authorized for tracking patients with confirmed PCa, it was later endorsed in 1994 to assist in detecting PCa alongside digital rectal examination (DRE) in individuals aged 50 and above. Recently, screening for PCa using serum PSA has come under considerable criticism due to several trials demonstrating that using PSA serum levels often leads to overdiagnosis and overtreatment, as well as the inability to accurately differentiate between low-, intermediate-, and high-risk aggressive disease. PCa diagnosis is currently based on the gold standard invasive procedure of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) -guided needle biopsy of the prostate. The diagnostic biopsy is informed by the combination of any of the following: elevated PSA serum levels, PSA kinetics, abnormal DRE, family history, race, or abnormal previous biopsy. Gleason score, cancer stage, and cancer core information are all obtained from biopsy, and frequent or periodic biopsies are not amenable for patients. Individuals with elevated PSA levels upon screening have the option to pursue additional examinations to determine ","cbCaivCV1rZUeibD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivCV1rZUeibD","pdf",546836,"English","# Editorial on the Research Topic\n## PET/CT and MRI in prostate cancer\n## Risk factors and disease heterogeneity\n## PSA screening and diagnostic pathways\n## TRUS biopsy limitations and MRI-directed approaches\n## Combined biopsy strategies and grading\n## PSMA PET/CT and miTNM molecular imaging","[{\"question\":\"Why is precise diagnosis important in prostate cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Prostate cancer ranges from slow-growing to highly life-threatening forms, and different grade groups show markedly different metastatic potential and cancer-specific mortality. Accurate staging and grading are therefore essential for appropriate management.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the limitations of PSA screening?\",\"answer\":\"Serum PSA screening has faced criticism because trials show it can lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. PSA levels also may not reliably distinguish low-, intermediate-, and high-risk aggressive disease.\"},{\"question\":\"How do PET/CT and MRI contribute to diagnosis and staging?\",\"answer\":\"Multiparametric MRI can help pinpoint biopsy sites and improve the detection and targeting of clinically relevant lesions, especially when combined with biopsy approaches. PSMA PET/CT supports molecular imaging classification (miTNM) with potential prognostic benefits due to improved sensitivity over conventional scans, while practical significance still requires evaluation.\"}]","Editorial: PET/CT and MRI in Prostate Cancer | PDF",1790041367,18]