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Summarizes the expanding ncRNA catalogue (sncRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs) enabled by transcriptomics and bioinformatics, highlighting mechanisms such as miRNA control of translation and stability, circRNA regulatory roles, and lncRNA involvement in chromatin and transcription. Discusses pharmacological relevance, including ncRNA-derived diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in circulation and extracellular vesicles, plus therapeutic targeting in cancer and neurological diseases.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/editorial-non-coding-rnas-as-potential-therapeutics-and-biomarkers-for-human-diseases/411236/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/editorial-non-coding-rnas-as-potential-therapeutics-and-biomarkers-for-human-diseases/411236.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Terk","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What are the main ncRNA classes discussed in this editorial?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The editorial covers small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). 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It highlights cancer relevance through effects on oncogenic signaling and tumor-immune interactions, with an associated review on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in prostate cancer.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},411236,1790792958,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":125},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":33,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":55,"preview_page_count":4},1099525198933,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","TYPE Editorial  \nPUBLISHED 18 December 2025 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2025.1753536  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED AND REVIEWED BY  \nJohn M. Seubert,  \nUniversity of Alberta, Canada  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nChiara De Santi,  \n [chiaradesanti@rcsi.ie](chiaradesanti@rcsi.ie)  \nRECEIVED 24 November 2025  \nREVISED 04 December 2025  \nACCEPTED 08 December 2025  \nPUBLISHED 18 December 2025  \nCITATION  \nGama-Carvalho M, Conigliaro A and De Santi C (2025) Editorial: Non-coding RNAs as potential  \ntherapeutics and biomarkers for human diseases.  \nFront. Pharmacol. 16:1753536 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1753536  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2025 Gama-Carvalho, Conigliaro and De Santi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nEditorial: Non-coding RNAs as potential therapeutics and biomarkers for human diseases  \nMargarida Gama-Carvalho 1, Alice Conigliaro 2 and Chiara De Santi 3*  \n1BioISI – Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, 2Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy, 3School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland  \nKEYWORDS  \nbiomarkers, CircRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, ncRNA, RNA therapeutics  \nEditorial on the Research Topic  \nNon-coding RNAs as potential therapeutics and biomarkers for human diseases  \nNcRNAs in health and disease  \nOnce considered “junk DNA”, non-coding genomic regions have gained substantial attention over the past 2 decades (Pennisi, 2012). A very rich and diverse set of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts has been revealed thanks to technological advances in transcriptomics and bioinformatic annotation methods. In the current GENCODE release, 7,563 small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) genes and 35,899 long non-coding RNA genes (lncRNAs) are annotated in the human genome, exceeding the number of protein-coding genes by more than two-fold (Mudge et al., 2024) .  \nThe catalogue of sncRNA continues to expand, with families defined by their biogenesis, associated protein complexes and cellular functions (Shi et al., 2022) . microRNAs (miRs) remain the most extensively characterized, regulating mRNA stability and translation, and influencing key biological processes, including proliferation, metabolism, differentiation, and organ development (Shang et al., 2023) . Other sncRNA classes, like piRNAs, are central to genome stability and antiviral defense, or participate in RNA biogenesis and modification pathways (e.g., snoRNAs in rRNA biogenesis) . Additional groups, such as tRNA-derived fragments, illustrate the increasing complexity of this regulatory layer.  \nLncRNAs have only recently begun to be characterized systematically (Mattick et al., 2023) . Their capacity to form diverse ribonucleoprotein assemblies and act across multiple regulatory levels complicates efforts to classify them or predict function, although many operate as modulators of chromatin and transcription. A third major class – circular RNAs (circRNAs)– initially considered “splicing noise”, has emerged as a distinct group with covalently closed structures and regulatory functions increasingly recognized across physiological and pathological contexts. Predominantly generated by head-to-tail backsplicing events from “parental” gene transcripts, most circRNAs regulate gene expression by  \nFrontiers in Pharmacology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \nGama-Carvalho et al. 10.3389/fphar.2025.1753536  \nFIGURE 1  \nNon-coding RNAs as Potential Therapeutics and Biomarkers for Human Diseases. Different areas of impact of","cbCaih94jAmSklhl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaih94jAmSklhl","pdf",981397,"English","# NcRNAs in health and disease\n## MiRNAs take the lead","[{\"question\":\"What are the main ncRNA classes discussed in this editorial?\",\"answer\":\"The editorial covers small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). It also notes other sncRNA classes such as piRNAs and tRNA-derived fragments.\"},{\"question\":\"How can ncRNAs be used as biomarkers?\",\"answer\":\"The editorial explains that specific ncRNAs show altered expression in diverse pathological contexts and are proposed as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Their presence in circulation—either freely or within extracellular vesicles—supports minimally invasive monitoring.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are ncRNAs considered promising therapeutic targets?\",\"answer\":\"The editorial states that ncRNAs actively modulate pathological processes, making them attractive therapeutic targets or agents. It highlights cancer relevance through effects on oncogenic signaling and tumor-immune interactions, with an associated review on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in prostate cancer.\"}]","Editorial - Non-coding RNAs as potential therapeutics and biomarkers for human diseases | PDF",1790587889]