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Fungal genetic modification and gene editing further establish edible mushrooms as recombinant biopharmaceutical platforms, leveraging eukaryotic protein processing, natural bioencapsulation, and GRAS safety for oral delivery. Engineered strains highlight promise for oral vaccines and recombinant protein 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\nEDITED BY  \nSamantha Chandranath Karunarathna, Qujing Normal University, China  \nREVIEWED BY  \nAkruti Singh,  \nUniversity of Petroleum and Energy Studies, India  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nByron Meade  \n [bmeade00@upike.edu](bmeade00@upike.edu)[ ](bmeade00@upike.edu)Kevin Wang  \n [kevinwang@upike.edu](kevinwang@upike.edu)  \nRECEIVED 09 November 2025  \nREVISED 01 December 2025  \nACCEPTED 02 December 2025  \nPUBLISHED 18 December 2025  \nCITATION  \nWang K, Wang A and Meade B (2025) Edible mushrooms as emerging biofactories for natural therapeutics and oral biopharmaceutical delivery.  \nFront. Fungal Biol. 6:1742455 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/ffunb.2025.1742455  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2025 Wang, Wang and Meade. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nEdible mushrooms as emerging biofactories for natural therapeutics and oral biopharmaceutical delivery  \nKevin Wang*, Annie Wang and Byron Meade*  \nDivision of Math and Natural Sciences, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, KY, United States  \nMushrooms have long served as both food and medicine, providing polysaccharides, terpenoids, phenolics, and peptides with diverse health benefits. Extensive studies have begun to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying these therapeutic effects, which include anti-aging, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Translational research is progressing from preclinical models to clinical trials, reinforcing the biomedical potential of mushroom-derived compounds. Advances in fungal genetic modification and gene editing have further positioned edible mushrooms as promising platforms for recombinant biopharmaceutical production. Their eukaryotic protein-processing capacity, natural bioencapsulation, and GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status make them well-suited for sustainable and orally deliverable therapeutics. Engineered mushrooms show strong potential as platforms for oral vaccines and recombinant protein production, bridging traditional medicinal use with modern molecular farming.  \nKEYWORDS  \nedible fungi, fungal biotechnology, mushroom molecular farming, oral biopharmaceutical delivery, recombinant protein expression  \n1 Introduction  \nMushrooms are increasingly recognized for their exceptional nutritional and medicinal potential. They provide essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and a wide array of bioactive molecules that modulate immune, metabolic, and neurological functions (Baruaet al., 2024; Bell et al., 2025) . Modern biomedical research has renewed interest in mushrooms as prolific sources of pharmacologically active compounds with antitumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antiviral properties (Njue et al., 2024; Doonanet al., 2025) .  \nPreclinical studies have demonstrated that b-glucans such as lentinan from Lentinula edodes and D-fraction from Grifolafrondosa, triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum, and cordycepin from Cordyceps militaris suppress tumor growth, enhance immune surveillance, and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy (Lin et al., 2024; Thepmalee  \nFrontiers in Fungal Biology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \net al., 2024 ; Zhou et al., 2024) . Clinically, polysaccharide preparations including lentinan and the protein-bound polysaccharides PSK and PSP from Trametes (Coriolus) versicolor have been used as chemotherapy adjuvants. Meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials report improved immune parameters and, in some cases, prolonged progression-free or overall survival (Sivanesan et al., 2022; Jędrzejewski et","cbCainFuzphCrdZs","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainFuzphCrdZs","pdf",2117415,"English","# Introduction\n# Therapeutic potential of mushrooms: disease-oriented perspectives\n## Longevity and anti-aging effects","[{\"question\":\"What therapeutic benefits do edible mushrooms provide?\",\"answer\":\"They provide health benefits such as anti-aging, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities through bioactive compounds including polysaccharides, terpenoids, phenolics, and peptides.\"},{\"question\":\"How do molecular farming and gene editing support mushroom-based biopharmaceutical production?\",\"answer\":\"Advances in fungal transformation systems and CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing enable mushrooms to act as platforms for producing recombinant biopharmaceuticals and therapeutic metabolites with sustainable oral delivery potential.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are engineered mushrooms suitable for oral delivery and therapeutic development?\",\"answer\":\"They have eukaryotic protein-processing capacity, natural bioencapsulation, and GRAS status, and engineered strains show potential for oral vaccines and recombinant protein production.\"}]","Edible mushrooms as emerging biofactories for natural therapeutics and oral biopharmaceutical delivery | PDF",1790582877,23]