[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-438994-105":59,"doc-detail-438994-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","edible-fungi-by-john-ramsbottom","EDIBLE FUNGI - By John Ramsbottom","","A historical and practical survey of edible fungi explains how humans have consumed fungi for thousands of years, tracing references from ancient Babylonians, Greeks, and Romans to Renaissance herbalists and early British texts. It discusses shifting beliefs about which species are safe to eat, including cautions from Dioscorides, and outlines the roles of tradition, scientific description, diagnosis, and chemical analysis. The work also distinguishes flavorful, worthless, and potentially poisonous species, highlighting Amanita phalloides and addressing common folk tests and their origins.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/edible-fungi-by-john-ramsbottom/438994/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/edible-fungi-by-john-ramsbottom/438994.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Hazel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How far back does the book say humans have eaten fungi?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It states that fungi have been eaten for more than three thousand years, with information accumulating from both tradition and later scientific work.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why does the author say scientific analysis improves confidence in identifying edible fungi?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It explains that scientific description, medical diagnosis, and chemical analysis have progressed to a stage where certainty can be comparable to other foods.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which fungus does the book emphasize as the most dangerous?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Amanita phalloides is singled out as causing intense agony and frequently leading to death, while other species are described more generally as non-poisonous or less consistently harmful.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},438994,1791504483,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},137441390410,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000252f4ab5702993?_k=1776741390130283984","# EDIBLE FUNGIbyJohn Ramsbottom\n\nc  \n 21-  \n# EDIBLE FUNGI\n\nEDIBLE FUNG I  \nByJOHN RAMSBOTTOM  \nKeeper of BotanyBritish Museum(Natural History)  \nWith Colour PlatesBy  \nROSE ELLENBY  \nThe KING PENGUIN BooksLONDON and NEW YORK  \nI943  \nMADE IN GREAT BRITAIN  \nText Pages printed atTHE CURWEN PREss,PLAISTOWSet in Monotype Baskerville  \nColour PlatesMade and printed byJoEN SwAIN &Sons LTD  \nCover design byRosE ELLENBY  \nPUBLISHED BY  \nTHE KING PENGUIN BOOKSEditor:N.B.L.PevsnerTechnical Editor:R.B.Fishenden  \nPENGUIN BOOKS INC.245 FTFTH AVENUENEW YORK  \nEDIBLE FUNGI  \nFor Bee  \nWHEN man first experimented with the fruits of theearth to find what should be for meat it is unlikely thathe disregarded fungi.It is strange,therefore,that thereis no reference to them in the Bible except to blights,moulds and ‘leprosy of a house'which is doubtless dry-rot.But edible and poisonous species were well knownto the Babylonians,Greeks and Romans and there arenumerous references to them in classical writings:theyare also mentioned in Egyptian hieroglyphics and figuredon ancient monuments.  \nAt the time of the Renaissance many of the herbalistshad as one of their main purposes the elucidation of theDe Materia medica of Dioscorides which dates originallyfrom the first century of the Christian era.His state-ment that 'of fungi there is a double difference,for eitherthey are edible,or they are poisonous'was oftenrepeated throughout the period.Dioscorides consideredthat even the edible sorts are hard of digestion and,as asafeguard against accidents,recommended that certainsubstances should be eaten with them or that the mealshould be followed by an emetic—the long popular hendung and vinegar being one of the two suggested.Theearliest British herbal to mention fungi is The great herballof I526:'Fungi ben muscherons....There be twoomaners of them,one maner is deadly and sleeth themthat eateth of them,and be called tode stoles,&the otherdoeth not.They that be not deadly have a grosseglemy moystur,that is disobedient to nature&digestionand be perillous &dredfull to eate,and therefore it isgood to escheue them.'The general belief in thiscountry is that there is one edible fungus,the Mush-room (Plate VIII),and that all others,the toadstools,arepoisonous:further that it is best,and safest,to eat only  \nthe cultivated Mushroom.It is difficult to understandhow these ideas arose and why they should be restrictedto the British Isles.Since the outbreak of war,however,a good deal of interest has been taken in the possibilityof using edible fungi to add variety to wartime diet,aninterest which has been stimulated by the presence hereof foreigners from many lands where the eating of fungiis customary.  \nAs fungi have been eaten for more than three thousandyears there is no lack of information about their proper-ties.Some of this is confusing,being based solely ontradition,but as scientific description,medical diagnosisand chemical analysis have progressed a stage has beenreached when there is as much certainty as with otherfood.  \nMost fungi of the toadstool kind are non-poisonous;some are excellent in flavour,some worthless,some toosmall and some too leathery to eat.Probably there arenot more than a dozen which can be regarded aspoisonous,but of these one at least,Amanita phalloides,causes intense agony followed frequently by death:it isunlikely that any other species causes death in healthypeople.  \nMost classical writers who referred to fungi gave rulesby which edible and poisonous species could be dis-tinguished.Several are still current though thosereferring to the evil effects due to proximity to hob-nails,and the holes of venomous serpents now lack popularity.The two most widespread are that an edible fungus'peels'and does not turn a silver spoon black.Everyautumn these are repeated in the Press and taught invillage schools,though it is never stated that the formerdates from the third century B.C.(Diphilus)and thelatter from the following century(Nicander).The","cbCaioNMvA89phXt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioNMvA89phXt","pdf",2794729,64,"English","# For Bee\n# Historical references to fungi\n# Renaissance views and Dioscorides\n# Early British herbal evidence\n# Wartime interest in edible fungi\n# Scientific certainty versus tradition\n# Poisonous species and Amanita phalloides\n# Folk rules and tests for edibility","[{\"question\":\"How far back does the book say humans have eaten fungi?\",\"answer\":\"It states that fungi have been eaten for more than three thousand years, with information accumulating from both tradition and later scientific work.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the author say scientific analysis improves confidence in identifying edible fungi?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that scientific description, medical diagnosis, and chemical analysis have progressed to a stage where certainty can be comparable to other foods.\"},{\"question\":\"Which fungus does the book emphasize as the most dangerous?\",\"answer\":\"Amanita phalloides is singled out as causing intense agony and frequently leading to death, while other species are described more generally as non-poisonous or less consistently harmful.\"}]","EDIBLE FUNGI - By John Ramsbottom | PDF",1790687113,161]