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It describes the role of Charles Baudelaire in championing and circulating Poe’s work in Europe, and outlines how Rufus Wilmot Griswold shaped posthumous perception through his obituary.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/","Literature",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/edgar-allan-poe-critical-lives-introduction/318504/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/edgar-allan-poe-critical-lives-introduction/318504.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Hazel","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What does the series Critical Lives focus on?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Each book explores the life of a leading cultural figure and relates it to their major works.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How did Charles Baudelaire affect Poe’s reputation in Europe?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Baudelaire celebrated Poe, translated his work, and helped secure Poe a major status in France, with circulation across Europe for decades.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why did Griswold’s obituary have a lasting impact on Poe’s image?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The obituary portrayed Poe’s habits harshly and claimed his later imaginative writings were based on personal events, encouraging readers to interpret life through fiction and fiction through life.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},318504,1789990860,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,91,95,100,105,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":26,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},137441390410,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000252f4ab5702993?_k=1776741390130283984","Kevin J. Hayes  \nEdgar Allan Poe  \nTitles in the series Critical Lives present the work of leading cultural figures ofthe modern period. Each book explores the life of the artist, writer, philosopher or architect in question and relates it to their major works.  \nJean Genet  \nStephen Barber Michel Foucault David Macey Pablo Picasso MaryAnn Caws Franz Kafka Sander L. Gilman  \nGuy Debord Andy Merrifield  \nMarcel Duchamp Caroline Cros  \nJames Joyce Andrew Gibson  \nFrank Lloyd Wright Robert McCarter  \nJean-Paul Sartre Andrew Leak  \nNoam Chomsky Wolfgang B. Sperlich  \nJorge Luis Borges Jason Wilson  \nErik Satie Mary E. Davis  \nGeorges Bataille Stuart Kendall  \nLudwig Wittgenstein Edward Kanterian  \nOctavio Paz Nick Caistor  \nWalter Benjamin Esther Leslie  \nCharles Baudelaire Rosemary Lloyd  \nJean Cocteau  \nJames S. Williams Sergei Eisenstein Mike O’Mahony Salvador Dalí MaryAnn Caws  \nSimone de Beauvoir Ursula Tidd  \nGertrude Stein Lucy Daniel  \nEdgar Allan Poe  \nKevin J. Hayes  \nreaktion books  \nFor Hyun-woo and Ji-eun  \nPublished by Reaktion Books Ltd  \n33 Great Sutton Street London ec1v 0dx, uk [www.reaktionbooks.co.uk](www.reaktionbooks.co.uk)  \nFirst published 2009  \nCopyright © Kevin J. Hayes 2009  \nAll rights reserved  \nNo part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers.  \nPrinted and bound in Great Britain  \nby cpi Antony Rowe, Chippenham, Wiltshire  \nBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Hayes, Kevin J.  \nEdgar Allan Poe.–(Critical lives)  \n1. Poe, Edgar Allan, 1809–1849  \n2. Authors, American – 19th century – Biography  \nI. Title II. Series  \n818.3’09-dc22  \nisbn: 978 1 86189 515 8  \nContents  \nIntroduction 7  \n1 The Contest 15  \n2 The Birth of a Poet 34  \n3 The Gothic Woman 53  \n4 Making a Name 72  \n5 From Peeping Tom to Detective 90  \n6 The Tourist’s Gaze 106  \n7 The Narrow House 127  \n8 The Most Noble of Professions 147  \nReferences 167  \nSelect Bibliography 181  \nAcknowledgements 185  \nPhoto Acknowledgements 187  \nW. S. Hartshorn and C. T. Tatman, Edgar Allan Poe, 1904.  \nIntroduction  \nNo American author has influenced the history of literature and the arts more than Edgar Allan Poe. But at the time of his death in 1849, the profound influence of his writings – verse, fiction, and criticism – was by no means assured. In his last few years Poe was known in the us primarily as the author of‘The Raven’. A handful of his short stories were translated into French and Russian in the late 1840s, but not until the following decade would Europe discover his work and recognize his genius. More than anyone, Charles Baudelaire was responsible for celebrating Poe’s greatness and disseminating his work. Baudelaire saw Poe as a kindred spirit, someone who had crystallized into prose many ideas he had imagined himself but had yet to articulate. It was Poe’s fortune that one of France’s greatest poets became his greatest champion. Baudelaire’s translations not only helped Poe achieve a level of status in France akin to that ofa major national author, they also circulated throughout Europe for decades to come. Overall, Poe’s critical reputation took two separate directions after his death. Whereas readers in English-speaking nations hesitated to recognize his genius, European readers accepted him and his works wholeheartedly.  \nThe obituary Rufus Wilmot Griswold published in the New York Tribune largely shaped Poe’s reputation after his death. Griswold harshly criticized Poe’s personal habits, depicting him as a misanthrope, a mad and melancholy loner, someone who wandered the  \ncity streets night and day, alternately mumbling curses or prayersand not much caring which was which. According to Griswold, Poe was devoid of honour, devoid of morality, devoid of any and all elevating personal qualities. Griswold further asserted that Poe’s imaginative writi","cbCaivVT558GZl8h","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivVT558GZl8h","pdf",915048,189,"English","# Contents\n## Introduction\n## 1 The Contest\n## 2 The Birth of a Poet\n## 3 The Gothic Woman\n## 4 Making a Name\n## 5 From Peeping Tom to Detective\n## 6 The Tourist’s Gaze\n## 7 The Narrow House\n## 8 The Most Noble of Professions\n## References\n## Select Bibliography\n## Acknowledgements\n## Photo Acknowledgements","[{\"question\":\"What does the series Critical Lives focus on?\",\"answer\":\"Each book explores the life of a leading cultural figure and relates it to their major works.\"},{\"question\":\"How did Charles Baudelaire affect Poe’s reputation in Europe?\",\"answer\":\"Baudelaire celebrated Poe, translated his work, and helped secure Poe a major status in France, with circulation across Europe for decades.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did Griswold’s obituary have a lasting impact on Poe’s image?\",\"answer\":\"The obituary portrayed Poe’s habits harshly and claimed his later imaginative writings were based on personal events, encouraging readers to interpret life through fiction and fiction through life.\"}]","Edgar Allan Poe - Critical Lives - Introduction | PDF",1789940514,291]