[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-208110-en":3,"doc-seo-208110-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},208110,1374402968488,"Đào","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",4,"Exam","Edexcel GCSE Biology - 8.4 Circulatory System - The Blood","This section of Edexcel GCSE Biology explains blood and its role in the circulatory system. It breaks down blood composition into red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma, then links each component to key functions such as oxygen transport, immune defence, clotting and the transport of dissolved substances. It also introduces blood vessels, including arteries, veins and capillaries, and describes how structural features support their different functions.","Edexcel GCSE Biology:Combined Science  \n8.4 Circulatory System  \nContents  \n米8.4.1The Blood &Blood Vessels  \n米8.4.2 The Circulatory System  \nPagelof 18  \n8.4.1 The Blood &Blood Vessels  \n# The Blood\n\n■ Blood consists of red blood cells,white blood cells,platelets and plasma  \n■ Over half of the volume of the bloodis made up of plasma  \n■ The majority of the other half is made up of red blood cells  \n■ The remaining fraction consists of white blood cells and platelets  \nBlood micrograph  \nPage2of 18  \nSaveMyExams  \nHead to www.savemyexams.com formore awesome resources  \nCopyright e Save My Exams.All Rights Reserved  \nComposition of human bloodComponents of the Blood Table  \nPage3 of 18  \nYour notes  \n| COMPONENT   | STRUCTURE   |\n| --- | --- |\n| RED BLOOD CELLS   | BICONCAVE DISCS CONTAINING  \u003Cbr>NO NUCLEUS BUT PLENTY OF THE  \u003Cbr>PROTEIN HAEMOGLOBIN   |\n| WHITE BLOOD CELLS   | LARGE CELLS CONTAINING A BIG  \u003Cbr>NUCLEUS,DIFFERENT TYPES HAVE  \u003Cbr>SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT STRUCTURES  \u003Cbr>AND FUNCTIONS   |\n| PLATELETS   | FRAGMENTS OF CELLS   |\n| PLASMA   | STRAW COLOURED LIQUID   |\n\n# Red Blood Cells\n\n■ Red blood cells are specialised cells which carry oxygen to respiring cells  \n■ They are adapted for this function in 3key ways  \n■ They are full of haemoglobin,aprotein that binds to oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin  \n■ Theyhave no nucleus which allows more space for haemoglobin tobe packed in  \n■ The shape of aredblood cell is describedas being a 'biconcave disk'this shape gives themalarge surface area to volume ratio to maximise diffusion of oxygen in and out  \nPage 4 of 18  \nSaveMyExams  \nHead to www.savemyexams.com formore awesome resources  \nCopyright o Save My Exams.AH Rights Reserved  \nsavemyexams  \nRed blood cells  \n# White Blood Cells\n\n·Whiteblood cells are part of thebody's immune system,defending against infection bypathogenicmicroorganisms  \n■ There are twomain types,lymphocytes and phagocytes  \n·Lymphocytes:  \n■ Produce antibodies to destroy pathogenic cells and antitoxins toneutralise toxins releasedbypathogens  \n■ They can easily be recognisedunder themicroscopeby theirlarge round nucleus which takes upnearly the whole cell and their clear,non-granular cytoplasm  \n.Phagocytes:  \n■ Carry out phagocytosis byengulfng and digesting pathogens  \n■ Phagocytes have asensitive cell surfacemembrane that can detect chemicals producedbypathogenic cells  \n■ Once they encounter the pathogenic cell,they will engulf it and release digestive enzymes todigest it  \nPage5 of 18  \nYour notes  \n■ They can be easily recognised under the microscopeby their multi-lobed nucleus and theirgranular cytoplasm  \nCopyright o Save My Exams.Al Rights Reserved  \nsavemyexams  \nPhagocytosis  \n# Platelets\n\n■ Platelets are involved in helping the blood clot  \n■ Platelets are fragments of cells that are involvedin blood clotting and forming scabs where the skinhas been cut orpunctured  \n■ When the skinis broken(i.e.there is a wound)platelets arrive to stop thebleeding  \n■ Aseries of reactions occur within the blood plasma  \n■ Platelets release chemicals that cause soluble fbrinogen proteins to convert into insoluble fbrinand form an insoluble mesh across the wound,trapping red blood cells and therefore forming aclot  \n■ The clot eventually dries and develops into ascab to protect thewound from bacteriaentering  \n■ Blood clotting is important because:  \n■ Blood clotting prevents continued/significant blood loss from wounds  \n·Scab formation seals the woundwith an insolublepatch that prevents entry of microorganismsthat could cause infection  \n■ It remains in place until new skin has grownunderneath it,sealing the skin again  \nPage 6 of 18  \nYour notes  \nYour notes  \nHead to www.savemyexams.com formore awesome resources  \nCopyright o Save My Exams.All Rights Reserved  \nHow the blood clots  \n# Plasma\n\n■ Plasmais a straw coloured liquid which the other components of the blood are suspended within  \n■ Plasmais important for the transport of many substances including:  \n","cbCaidQLbChMutnx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidQLbChMutnx","pdf",3692261,1,18,"English","en",105,"# The Blood\n## Blood composition\n# Red Blood Cells\n# White Blood Cells\n## Lymphocytes\n## Phagocytes\n# Platelets\n# Plasma\n# Blood Vessels\n## Arteries\n## Veins","[{\"question\":\"What are the main components of human blood and what does each do?\",\"answer\":\"Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells defend against infection, platelets help clotting, and plasma transports dissolved substances.\"},{\"question\":\"How are red blood cells adapted to transport oxygen?\",\"answer\":\"They contain haemoglobin, have no nucleus to allow more space for haemoglobin, and have a biconcave disk shape to provide a large surface area to volume ratio for efficient diffusion of oxygen.\"},{\"question\":\"How do platelets help the blood clot and form a scab?\",\"answer\":\"Platelets release chemicals that convert soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin, forming a mesh that traps red blood cells and creates a clot. The clot dries into a scab that seals the wound until new skin grows underneath.\"}]","Edexcel GCSE Biology - 8.4 Circulatory System - The Blood | PDF",1788602479,45,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"edexcel-gcse-biology-84-circulatory-system-the-blood","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/edexcel-gcse-biology-84-circulatory-system-the-blood/208110/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-07","2026-09-05",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What are the main components of human blood and what does each do?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells defend against infection, platelets help clotting, and plasma transports dissolved substances.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How are red blood cells adapted to transport oxygen?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"They contain haemoglobin, have no nucleus to allow more space for haemoglobin, and have a biconcave disk shape to provide a large surface area to volume ratio for efficient diffusion of oxygen.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How do platelets help the blood clot and form a scab?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Platelets release chemicals that convert soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin, forming a mesh that traps red blood cells and creates a clot. 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