[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-420617-105":59,"doc-detail-420617-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","ecuador-chooses-roldos-as-leader","ECUADOR CHOOSES ROLDOS AS LEADER","","Ecuador transitions from long military rule to democratic elections, with the public electing Jaime Roldos as president. The text explains how election rules forced a runoff after July 16, 1978, when Roldos led with 31% against Sixto Duran-Ballen’s 22%. It describes attempts by the military government to derail the outcome, including the assassination of a candidate and restrictions targeting supporters connected to Assad Bucaram. It also notes the runoff on April 28 and the political context shaping Roldos’s victory.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ecuador-chooses-roldos-as-leader/420617/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ecuador-chooses-roldos-as-leader/420617.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Alexandar","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why did Ecuador require a runoff election in 1978?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The electoral law demanded a runoff between the top two leaders if no one achieved an absolute majority.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What was the significance of Abdon Calderon’s assassination in the election period?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It is described as a crime attributed to military personalities, cited as a provocative move intended to prevent the runoff and the probable election of Roldos.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What factors are presented as contributing to Roldos’s large election returns?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The text highlights political relationships and identification with Assad Bucaram, along with the handling of electoral nominations through measures in response to Buccaram’s supporters.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},420617,1790815010,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":39},962090768658,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","AFTER seven years of military rule,ond fou n     f aloatowol      tinand four years of electoral gyration,the Eeuadorean people soundly expressedits democratic willby choosing as theirpresident,Jaime Roldos,a young leaderwhose political equipment is still untriedbut who brings to his office a fine in-telligence and a promise of restoring toEeuador its democratie ambiance of pastperiods.  \nThe decisive results of the electionprobably proved a bitter pill for the mili-tary government to swallow,for in vari-ous ways it had tried to cireumvent thatseemed an inevitable expression of thepeople's choice.This choice had beenmanifested not once but twice,first atthe elections of July 16,1978.At thatfirst contest,Roldos had scored up aplurality of 31%of the vote,in a contestin which six candidates had competed.  \nRun-Off Confirms Victory  \nSince the electoral law demanded arun-off between the first two leaders inthe election—if no one gained an abso-lute majority—Roldos was pitted againsthis runner-up,Sixto Duran-Ballen,atried political figure and former Mayorof Quito,who ran second among thecontestants,with a vote of 22%.Duran-Ballen,with his more conservativestance,was presumed to be the favoriteof the government leaders.Tis prefer-ence might also have been compoundedby the known liberal tendencies of therunning mate of Roldos.Osvaldo Hur-tado,a Christian Democrat.  \nThe intervening period since the July1978 elections has been filled with cha-otic and convulsive incidents-among themost virulent being the assassination ofone of the earlier candidates,AbdonCalderon,a crime attributed to severalmilitary personalities and cited as a pro-vocative move,intended to prevent therun-off and probable election of Roldos.  \nOther factors which were regarded ascontributing to the land-slide victory ofthe young candidate were the relation-ship and political identification of Roldoswith Assad Buccaram,a highly popularpresidential aspirant,whose entry intothe contest was constantly circumventedby the successive military heads.Bucca-ral,as former Mayor of Guayaquil,hadconducted a splendid administration,andhad been in line for the high national  \nHEMISPHERICA  \nMAY,1979  \nECUADOR CHOOSES ROLDOS AS LEADER  \nBy FRANCES R.GRANT  \nperennial strong man of Eeuador,formerPresident Velasco-Ibarra,not to run forthe office himself.Five-times-electedpresident,Velasco Ibarra had been fourtimes deposed by military coups;histowering ability as vote-getter was ingreat part apparently diverted to thesupport of Roldos.A few days beforethe run-off in April,Velasco Ibarra died,after he returned to Eeuador followingthe death of his wife.This seemed toseal the commitment of the“velasquis-tas”to the support of the new vigorousyoung candidate.  \npost for some years.To prevent this,thead hoc government used a number ofdevices—that of exile,and on Bucca-ram's return,the extraordinary measureof injecting into the electoral law ameasure preventing the nomination of anindividual of foreign parentage,sinceBuccaram's parents were Lebanese.  \nThe nomination of Roldos was re-garded by the followers of Buccaramapparently as an alternate of the former,since Roldos is married to a niece of theformer mayor.In the process of theelectoral campaign,however,it was ap-parent that Roldos had also won his ownfollowing among wide sectors of thevoting eircles.  \nIn the run-off contest on April 28—the first such election in Eeuador sincethat of Velasco Ibarra eleven years be-fore—slightly under one and a half mil-lion indiivduals went to the polls.Of  \nA_second factor in the large returnsfor Roldos-in both the original electionand the run-off—was the decision of the  \n(Continued on Page 2)  \nREPRESSION RISES IN EL SALVADOR  \nBy S.FANNY SIMON  \nTHE April issue of IDB,the publica-tion_of the Inter-American Develop-ment Bank,reports the granting of aloan to El Salvador for“livestock devel-opment and animal health.”El Salvadorevidently is more concerned about thehealth of its livestock than of its hum","cbCaiuCKCYjP5lkj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuCKCYjP5lkj","pdf",1843236,"English","# ECUADOR CHOOSES ROLDOS AS LEADER\n## Run-Off Confirms Victory\n## Electoral context and obstacles\n# REPRESSION RISES IN EL SALVADOR\n## Loan and child conditions\n## Unrest and government response","[{\"question\":\"Why did Ecuador require a runoff election in 1978?\",\"answer\":\"The electoral law demanded a runoff between the top two leaders if no one achieved an absolute majority.\"},{\"question\":\"What was the significance of Abdon Calderon’s assassination in the election period?\",\"answer\":\"It is described as a crime attributed to military personalities, cited as a provocative move intended to prevent the runoff and the probable election of Roldos.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors are presented as contributing to Roldos’s large election returns?\",\"answer\":\"The text highlights political relationships and identification with Assad Bucaram, along with the handling of electoral nominations through measures in response to Buccaram’s supporters.\"}]","ECUADOR CHOOSES ROLDOS AS LEADER | PDF",1790621728]