[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-321200-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-321200-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","economiccommentary-made-in-america-manufacturing-its-turning-japanese","ECONOMICCOMMENTARY - Made in America - Manufacturing: It's Turning Japanese","","Economic Commentary analyzes major changes in the U.S. auto market over the last decade, driven by rising gasoline prices and a shift toward smaller, lighter, more fuel-efficient vehicles. It highlights the growing role of Japanese manufacturers as competitors in the United States, with new and planned assembly plants expanding capacity quickly. Using 1985 production, market share, investment, location, and union-representation details, it explains potential economic implications, especially within the Fourth Federal Reserve District.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/economiccommentary-made-in-america-manufacturing-its-turning-japanese/321200/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/economiccommentary-made-in-america-manufacturing-its-turning-japanese/321200.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Maeve","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What major transformation is described in the U.S. auto market over the last decade?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The commentary describes a dramatic transformation in the world automobile market, accelerated by rising gasoline prices and changes in vehicle engineering toward smaller, lighter, and more fuel-efficient cars.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How do Japanese manufacturers expand in the United States, and what scale is expected?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Japanese automobile production is relocating to the U.S. with multiple assembly plants planned and operating. By 1989, the total output from the seven Japanese plants is conservatively estimated at about 1.4 million units annually.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What factors are discussed beyond production capacity, such as location incentives and labor representation?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The text discusses variation in plant characteristics, including geographic concentration, tax/subsidy arrangements, and union representation, noting differences among companies like Honda, Nissan, Mazda, and NUMMI.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},321200,1790507926,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":55,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":97,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},5909877438554,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/5600025385ad2bf12a7?_k=1778553567797529272","ECONOMICCOMMENTARY  \nIn the last 10 years,the world automarket has been undergoing possiblythe most dramatic transformation sinceassembly line production was intro-duced in 1913.  \nSparked by rising gasoline prices,theindustry has developed and introducednew engineering materials and tech-nology in an effort to produce smaller,lighter,and more fuel-efficient vehicles.This environment of change has alsoseen the emergence of foreign manufac-turers as major competitors in the U.S.new-car marketplace.  \nThe auto industry plays a major rolein the U.S.economy.In 1985,it repre-sented about 5 percent of real U.S.grossnational product(GNP),and accountedfor a comparable proportion of nationalemployment.Given the importance ofthe automotive sector in the UnitedStates,the continuing worldwidechanges in the industry could have pro-found impacts on our economy.  \nThis Economic Commentary dis-cusses a recent development that hasimportant implications for the autoindustry,especially in the Fourth Fed-era Reserve District.1  \nJapanese automobile production isrelocating to the United States at a fastpace.Before the end of this decade,seven or moreJapanese-owned assem-bly plants will be located in the U.S.and at least two will be in the FourthFederal Reserve District.It can be con-servatively estimated that Japanese-owned new-car production facilitieswill have a capacity of at least 1.4 mil-lion units within the next four years.Given current auto sales estimates,this could represent more than 10 per-cent of the total U.S.new-car market.  \nMichael F.Bryan is an economist,and Michael W.Dvorak is a research assistant,at the FederalReserve Bank of Cleveland  \nThe views stated herein are those of the authorsand not necessarily those of the Federal ReserveBank of Cleveland or of the Board of Governors ofthe Federal Reserve System.  \nCollectively,the Japanese could easilybecome the third-largest automobileproducer in the United States beforethe end of this decade.2  \n# Made in America\n\nLast year,Japanese manufacturersoperated three assembly plants in theUnited States (table 1).The largest,and the first,is Honda's plant inMarysville,Ohio,which began produc-ing cars in 1982.Within a year of start-ing operations,Honda was America'sfifth-largest car manufacturer,outpro-ducing Volkswagen of America.In1985,with a production of slightly over145,000 cars,Honda surpassed Ameri-can Motors as the fourth-leading U.S.auto producer.Honda captured 5 per-cent of the U.S.new-car market in1985;about 36 percent of its sales wereof cars actually made in Ohio.  \nSince 1983,two additional Japanese-owned auto plants began producingcars domestically—Nissan,located inSmyrna,Tennesee,and the New Unit-ed Motor Manufacturing(or NUMMI)in Fremont,California.  \nNissan primarily produces smalltrucks in Smyrna but,in 1985,theTennessee plant started production ofthe company's most popular U.S.car(the Sentra)with a production capacityof about 125,000 units.Nissan's in-vestment in its Smyrna operation isaround $660 million.3  \nNUMMI is the joint General Motors-Toyota enterprise that operates out of arenovated GM factory.Next year,thisplant may also begin producing a carmarketed specifically for Toyota.The  \n1.The Fourth Federal Reserve District includesOhio,Western Pennsylvania,Eastern Kentucky,and the panhandle of West Virginia.  \n# AmericanAutomobile\n\nManufacturing:It'sTurning Japanese  \nby Michael F.Bryan  \nand Michael W.Dvorak  \nproduction capacity at NUMMI is cur-rently around 200,000 units,with atotal investment of about $450 million.  \nThree more Japanese plants haverecently begun development,but arenot yet producing automobiles.Mazda,a Ford affiliate,will soon open anassembly plant in Flat Rock,Michigan.Two models will be made there—onewillcarry a Ford label and the other aMazda label.Total capacity in FlatRock is estimated at about 240,000units annually.The Diamond-StarCorporation,a Mitsubishi-Chrysleraffiliate,will soon locate in Blooming-ton,Illinois,with an estimated produc-t","cbCaispBA4cBSRV6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaispBA4cBSRV6","pdf",1477990,"English","# Made in America\n## American Automobile\n## Manufacturing: It's Turning Japanese","[{\"question\":\"What major transformation is described in the U.S. auto market over the last decade?\",\"answer\":\"The commentary describes a dramatic transformation in the world automobile market, accelerated by rising gasoline prices and changes in vehicle engineering toward smaller, lighter, and more fuel-efficient cars.\"},{\"question\":\"How do Japanese manufacturers expand in the United States, and what scale is expected?\",\"answer\":\"Japanese automobile production is relocating to the U.S. with multiple assembly plants planned and operating. By 1989, the total output from the seven Japanese plants is conservatively estimated at about 1.4 million units annually.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors are discussed beyond production capacity, such as location incentives and labor representation?\",\"answer\":\"The text discusses variation in plant characteristics, including geographic concentration, tax/subsidy arrangements, and union representation, noting differences among companies like Honda, Nissan, Mazda, and NUMMI.\"}]","ECONOMICCOMMENTARY - Made in America - Manufacturing: It's Turning Japanese | PDF",1789958657,13]