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The review also outlines policy directions under the 14th Five-Year Plan, including infrastructure investment, employment support, scientific education, health improvements, and the Extreme Poverty Eradication Programme (EPEP).",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/economic-review-2025-volume-1-state-planning-and-development-analysis/296557/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/economic-review-2025-volume-1-state-planning-and-development-analysis/296557.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"วิน","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-11","2026-09-18",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",39,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What does the foreword say about Kerala’s economic growth in 2024–25?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Kerala’s real GSDP showed a marginal slowdown, with growth moderating to 6.19% in 2024–25 from 6.73% in 2023–24. The real per-capita GSDP increased by 5.67% to Rs 1,90,149 in 2024–25.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which programme is highlighted as the theme chapter of this year’s Economic Review?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The theme chapter focuses on Kerala’s Extreme Poverty Eradication Programme (EPEP), marking the culmination of public action following the Chief Minister’s announcement on November 1, 2025.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How does the review describe the State’s development strategy and planning commitment?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Kerala is described as continuing its commitment to the Plan process, enabling a pro-people economic strategy. It also notes constraints on financing productive investment due to an imbalanced federal fiscal structure.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},296557,1789734070,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":80,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":146,"preview_urls":147},2336475104736,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c5e0e5b17e70?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786591360781797222","GOVERNMENT OF KERALA  \nECONOMIC REVIEW 2025  \nState Planning Board, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India  \nJanuary 2026  \nVolume One  \nEconomic Review 2025  \nKerala State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India  \nDesign & Layout : C-DIT, [www.cdit.org](www.cdit.org)  \nForeword  \nIndia’s real Gross Domestic Product recorded a decline in its annual growth rate, from 9.2 per cent in 2023–24 to 6.5 per cent in 2024–25. Kerala’s real Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) also showed a marginal slowdown, with growth moderating to 6.19 per cent in 2024–25 (Q) from 6.73 per cent in 2023–24 (P) . Kerala’s real per capita GSDP increased by 5.67 per cent to Rs 1,90,149 in 2024–25, which is higher than the all-India real per capita GDP of Rs 1,33,501 .  \nKerala is the only State that has continued its commitment to the Plan process. This has enabled the State to sustain a development trajectory based on a pro-people economic strategy. However, the State’s capacity to finance productive investment remains constrained by a highly imbalanced federal fiscal structure. Despite the financial constraints imposed by the Union Government, the Government of Kerala has set new directions in economic development and achieved further advances in pro-people development and growth.  \nThe 14th Five-Year Plan continues to deepen and expand social provisioning in the State, while using achievements in human development as a basis for economic growth. Investment has increased in productive sectors, high-quality infrastructure, income-generating services such as tourism and information technology, small and medium enterprises, and local governments. The State has continued to invest in modern forms of employment and in social services for working people and those in need.  \nOver the last nine years, the Government has strengthened public school infrastructure and worked to establish modern and scientifically grounded curricula at all levels. The promotion of scientific temper has been emphasised in both school and university education. During this period, Kerala has also seen sustained improvements in health and demographic indicators, remaining well ahead of the rest of India on these measures.  \nOn November 1, 2025, the Chief Minister of Kerala announced that the State had completed its campaign to end extreme poverty. This marked the culmination of many years of public action in the areas of human development and social policy. The theme chapter of this year’s Economic Review focuses on Kerala’s Extreme Poverty Eradication Programme (EPEP) .  \nVK Ramachandran  \nVice Chairperson January, 2026  \nEconomic Review 2025 | iii  \nContents  \nKERALA AT A GLANCE vii  \nKERALA’S ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INDICATORS – A QUICK xiii LOOK  \nDISTRICTS – AN OVERVIEW xvii  \nLIST OF TABLES xix  \nLIST OF FIGURES xxvii  \nLIST OF BOXES xxxiii  \nCHAPTER 1 KERALA ECONOMY 01  \n1.1 Recent Trends in Macro-Economic Aggregates 03  \n1.2 Demographic Profile 13  \n1.3 Indicators of Poverty 23  \n1.4 Role of Financial Institutions in Development Initiatives 27  \n1.5 State Finance 35  \n1.6 Annual Plan 2025-26 45  \nCHAPTER 2 ERADICATION OF EXTREME POVERTY IN KERALA 49  \nCHAPTER 3 AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS 65  \n3.1 Agriculture 67  \n3.2 Cooperatives in Kerala 91  \n3.3 Livestock 99  \n3.4 Fisheries Development 119  \n3.5 Water Resources 129  \n3.6 Forestry and Wild Life 139  \n3.7 Environment 151  \n3.8 Food Security and Public Distribution System 167  \nCHAPTER 4 MANUFACTURING SECTOR 177  \n4.1 Kerala’s Industrialisation 179  \n4.2 Manufacturing Sector 185  \n4.3 Public Sector Undertakings 189  \n4.4 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) 203  \n4.5 Food Processing 215  \n4.6 Traditional Industries 221  \nEconomic Review 2025 | v  \nCHAPTER 5 SERVICE SECTOR 249  \n5.1 Information Technology 251  \n5.2 Scientific Services and Research 265  \n5.3 Tourism 277  \n5.4 External Trade 287  \n5.5 Public Services 297  \n5.6 Outreach to Public 315  \nCHAPTER 6 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 319  \n6.1 Education 321  \n6.2 Medical a","cbCaiji7GlF2V1iU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiji7GlF2V1iU","pdf",6598910,690,"English","# Contents\n## Kerala At a Glance\n## Kerala’s Economic and Social Indicators – A Quick Look\n## Districts – An Overview\n## List of Tables\n## List of Figures\n## List of Boxes\n## Chapter 1 Kerala Economy\n## Chapter 2 Eradication of Extreme Poverty in Kerala\n## Chapter 3 Agriculture and Allied Sectors\n## Chapter 4 Manufacturing Sector\n## Chapter 5 Service Sector\n## Chapter 6 Human Development\n## Chapter 7 Labour and Employment\n## Chapter 8 Initiatives for Social Inclusion\n## Chapter 9 Art, Culture and Sports\n## Chapter 10 Kerala Diaspora\n## Chapter 11 Infrastructure\n## Chapter 12 Local Governments and Decentralised Planning\n## Glossary\n## Abbreviations","[{\"question\":\"What does the foreword say about Kerala’s economic growth in 2024–25?\",\"answer\":\"Kerala’s real GSDP showed a marginal slowdown, with growth moderating to 6.19% in 2024–25 from 6.73% in 2023–24. The real per-capita GSDP increased by 5.67% to Rs 1,90,149 in 2024–25.\"},{\"question\":\"Which programme is highlighted as the theme chapter of this year’s Economic Review?\",\"answer\":\"The theme chapter focuses on Kerala’s Extreme Poverty Eradication Programme (EPEP), marking the culmination of public action following the Chief Minister’s announcement on November 1, 2025.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review describe the State’s development strategy and planning commitment?\",\"answer\":\"Kerala is described as continuing its commitment to the Plan process, enabling a pro-people economic strategy. 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