[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-46004-en":3,"doc-seo-46004-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},46004,1374391975076,"Riley","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051",8,"Research & Report","Economic Development Twelfth Edition","Economic Development (Twelfth Edition) presents a structured, academic treatment of how economies grow and transform, with emphasis on developing countries and economic policy. The work includes bibliographical references and an index, supporting deeper study of theories and evidence. Front matter provides publication and rights information, including copyright, permissions contact details, and bibliographic cataloging data. It is authored by Michael P. Todaro and Stephen C. Smith and positioned within the Pearson economics series.","Find more at [http://www.downloadslide.com](http://www.downloadslide.com)  \nFind more at [http://www.downloadslide.com](http://www.downloadslide.com)  \nEconomic Development  \nT w e l f T h e d i T i o n  \nMichael P. Todaro  \nNew York University  \nStephen C . Smith  \nThe George Washington University  \nBoston Columbus Indianapolis NewYork San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam CapeTown Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo  \nFind more at [http://www.downloadslide.com](http://www.downloadslide.com)  \nFor Donna Renée and  \nFor Renee, Martin, and Helena  \nVice President, Editor in Chief: Donna Battista  \nExecutive Editor: David Alexander  \nProgram Manager: Lindsey Sloan  \nDirector of Marketing: Maggie Moylan Leen  \nMarketing Manager: Lori DeShazo  \nTeam Lead, Project Management: Jeff Holcomb Senior Production Project Manager:  \nLiz Napolitano  \nSupplements Editor: Andra Skaalrud Manager, Rights & Permissions: Michael  \nJoyce  \nRights & Permissions Coordinator: Samantha Graham  \nSenior Procurement Specialist: Carol Melville  \nCover Designer: Jonathan Boylan  \nCover Art: motif: Elenasz/Shutterstock; top left: Ranplett/Vetta/Getty Images; top right:  \nCharles Harker/Shutterstock; bottom right: Dmitryh Kalinovsky/Shutterstock; bottom left: Steve Estvanik/Shutterstock.  \nProject Coordination, Text Design, and Electronic Page Makeup: Cenveo® Publisher Services  \nPrinter/Binder: Edwards Brothers Malloy Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color/  \nHagerstown Typeface: 10/12 Palatino  \nCredits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text.  \nCopyright © 2015, 2012, 2009 by Michael P. Todaro and Stephen C. Smith. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290.  \nMany of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nTodaro, Michael P.  \nEconomic development / Michael P. Todaro, New York University, Stephen C. Smith, The George Washington University. --Twelfth Edition.  \npages cm  \nIncludes bibliographical references and index.  \nISBN 978-0-13-340678-8--ISBN 0-13-340678-4  \n1. Economic development. 2. Developing countries--Economic policy. I. Smith, Stephen C., Date-II. Title.  \nHD82 .T552 2014 338.9009172’4--dc23  \n2014011530  \n10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1  \nISBN 10: 0-13-340678-4  \n[www.pearsonhighered.com](www.pearsonhighered.com) ISBN 13: 978-0-13-340678-8  \nFind more at [http://www.downloadslide.com](http://www.downloadslide.com)  \nThe Pearson Series in Economics  \nAbel/Bernanke/ Croushore  \nMacroeconomics*  \nBade/Parkin  \nFoundations of Economics*  \nBerck/Helfand  \nThe Economics of the Environment  \nBierman/Fernandez  \nGame Theory with Economic Applications  \nBlanchard  \nMacroeconomics*  \nBlau/Ferber/Winkler  \nThe Economics of Women, Men, and Work  \nBoardman/Greenberg/ Vining/Weimer  \nCost-Benefit Analysis  \nBoyer  \nPrinciples of Transportation Economics  \nBranson  \nMacroeconomic Theory and Policy  \nBruce  \nPublic Finance and the American Economy  \nCarlton/Perloff  \nModern Industrial Organization  \nCase/Fair/Oster  \nPrinciples of Economics*  \nChapman  \nEnvironmental Economics","cbCaicOiTAZD8pAh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicOiTAZD8pAh","pdf",23369704,3,1,891,"English","en",105,"# Publication Information\n## Copyright, Permissions, and Credits\n## Library of Congress Cataloging Data\n# Series and Bibliographic Notes","[{\"question\":\"Who are the authors of Economic Development (Twelfth Edition)?\",\"answer\":\"The book is authored by Michael P. Todaro and Stephen C. Smith.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the front matter specify about references and navigation aids?\",\"answer\":\"The volume includes bibliographical references and an index.\"},{\"question\":\"How can readers request permission to reproduce materials from the book?\",\"answer\":\"Permission requests should be submitted in writing to Pearson Education’s Permissions Department (with fax details also provided).\"}]",1783469592,2245,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"economic-development-twelfth-edition","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/economic-development-twelfth-edition/46004/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-19","2026-07-08",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Who are the authors of Economic Development (Twelfth Edition)?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The book is authored by Michael P. Todaro and Stephen C. Smith.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What does the front matter specify about references and navigation aids?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The volume includes bibliographical references and an index.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How can readers request permission to reproduce materials from the book?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Permission requests should be submitted in writing to Pearson Education’s Permissions Department (with fax details also provided).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]