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ECLed addresses this by providing a web-based tool that abstracts ECL grammar and the Concept Model complexity, supporting creation and editing of ECL queries. It uses a processed Concept Model and FHIR terminology services for semantic validation, with a frontend in Angular and RESTful integration via Spring Boot, demonstrating strong usability.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ecled-a-tool-supporting-the-effective-use-of-the-snomed-ct-expression-constraint-language-abstract/454875/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ecled-a-tool-supporting-the-effective-use-of-the-snomed-ct-expression-constraint-language-abstract/454875.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-18","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is ECL difficult for non-experts to use?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"ECL has complex syntax and depends on the SNOMED CT Concept Model, which makes it challenging for non-technical users to create and modify queries.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does ECLed add to support ECL query creation?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"ECLed provides a web-based interface that hides ECL syntax and Concept Model complexity, enabling non-technical users to create and edit ECL queries.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does ECLed validate and integrate with clinical data?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"ECLed integrates a processed Concept Model and uses FHIR terminology services for semantic validation, and it supports querying patient data coded with SNOMED CT, including FHIR-formatted clinical data.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},454875,1791030949,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Ohlsen et al. Journal of Biomedical Semantics (2026) 17:1  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s13326-025-00344-3](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13326-025-00344-3)  \nJournal of Biomedical Semantics  \nSOFTWARE Open Access  \nECLed– a tool supporting the effective use of the SNOMED CT Expression Constraint Language  \nTessa Ohlsen 1,2*, André Sander3 and Josef Ingenerf2  \nAbstract  \nBackground The Expression Constraint Language (ECL) is a powerful query language for SNOMED CT, enabling precise semantic queries across clinical concepts. However, its complex syntax and reliance on the SNOMED  \nCT Concept Model make it difficult for non-experts to use, limiting its broader adoption in clinical research and healthcare analytics.  \nObjective This work presents ECLed, a web-based tool designed to simplify access to ECL queries by abstracting the complexity of ECL syntax and the SNOMED CT Concept Model. ECLed is aimed at non-technical users, enabling the creation and modification of ECL queries and facilitating the querying of patient data coded with SNOMED CT. Methods ECLed was developed following a detailed requirements analysis, addressing both functional and nonfunctional needs. The tool supports the creation and editing of SNOMED CT ECL queries, integrates a processed Concept Model, and uses FHIR terminology services for semantic validation. Its modular architecture, with a frontend based on Angular and a backend on Spring Boot, ensures seamless communication through RESTful interfaces. Result ECLed demonstrated high usability in a user survey. Technical validation confirmed that it reliably generatesand edits complex ECL queries. The tool was successfully integrated into the DaWiMed research platform, enhancing clinical analysis workflows. It also worked effectively with clinical data in FHIR format, although scalability with larger datasets remains to be tested.  \nDiscussion ECLed overcomes the limitations of existing ECL tools by abstracting the complexity of both the syntax and the SNOMED CT Concept Model. It provides a user-friendly solution that enables both technical and nontechnical users to easily create and edit ECL queries.  \nConclusion ECLed offers a practical, user-friendly solution for creating SNOMED CT ECL queries, effectively hiding the underlying complexity while optimizing clinical research and data analysis workflows. It holds significant potential for further development and integration into additional research platforms.  \nKeywords SNOMED CT, Expression Constraint Language, HL7 FHIR, Semantic Interoperability, Terminology  \n*Correspondence:  \nTessa Ohlsen  \n[ecled.authors@gmail.com](ecled.authors@gmail.com)  \n1Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Section for Clinical Research IT, University of Luebeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany  \n2Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany  \n3ID Berlin GmbH & Co KGaA, Berlin, Germany  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/l](http://creativecommons.org/l)icenses/by/4.0/.  \nOhlsen et al. Journal of Biomedical Semantics (2026) 17:1  \nIntroduction  \nBackground  \nThe structured and cross-institut","cbCaij64IMlpcRDK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaij64IMlpcRDK","pdf",3344971,16,"English","# Introduction\n## Background\n# Materials and Methods\n## ECLed development and architecture\n# Results\n## Usability and technical validation","[{\"question\":\"Why is ECL difficult for non-experts to use?\",\"answer\":\"ECL has complex syntax and depends on the SNOMED CT Concept Model, which makes it challenging for non-technical users to create and modify queries.\"},{\"question\":\"What does ECLed add to support ECL query creation?\",\"answer\":\"ECLed provides a web-based interface that hides ECL syntax and Concept Model complexity, enabling non-technical users to create and edit ECL queries.\"},{\"question\":\"How does ECLed validate and integrate with clinical data?\",\"answer\":\"ECLed integrates a processed Concept Model and uses FHIR terminology services for semantic validation, and it supports querying patient data coded with SNOMED CT, including FHIR-formatted clinical data.\"}]","ECLed - a tool supporting the effective use of the SNOMED CT Expression Constraint Language - Abstract | PDF",1790741587]