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Covers key pulseless rhythms—ventricular fibrillation (fine vs course), pulseless electrical activity, and asystole—emphasizing rapid intervention and cause identification (H’s & T’s). Includes ventricular tachycardia management and rhythm classification with pulse, focusing on bradycardia and AV blocks (first-, second-degree type I and type II, and third-degree) with practical treatment cues and dosing references.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ecg-pharmacology-study-guide-cardiac-arrhythmias/370490/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ecg-pharmacology-study-guide-cardiac-arrhythmias/370490.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"AfterMidnight","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is early defibrillation critical for ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib)?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"V-Fib occurs immediately after cardiac arrest and causes ineffective ventricular contraction. Survival chances diminish rapidly over time, so defibrillation should be initiated as quickly as possible—each minute matters.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How should pulseless electrical activity (PEA) be treated?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Treat the patient, not the rhythm. Focus on identifying possible correctable causes (the H’s & T’s) and administer epinephrine 1 mg (1:10,000) to anyone without a pulse.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What are the key differences between second-degree AV block type I (Mobitz I) and type II (Mobitz II)?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Mobitz I shows progressive lengthening of the PR interval with dropped QRS complexes. Mobitz II keeps the PR interval the same but has dropped QRS complexes, typically below the AV node, and is generally more serious—transcutaneous pacing is usually recommended.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},370490,1790207670,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":46},962090896061,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","This course is designed to develop ECG recognition skills and drug treatment knowledge. An American Heart Association course completion certificate in ECG & Pharmacology will be awarded at the end of the class  \nECG & Pharmacology  \nStudy Guide  \nCritical Care Training Center  \n[ACLS123.com](ACLS123.com) 818.766.1111  \n6426 Bellingham Ave. North Hollywood, CA 91606  \nCardiac Arrhythmias  \nPulseless Rhythms  \nVentricular Fibrillation  \nVentricular Fibrillation (V-Fib or VF) is the most common rhythm that occurs immediately after cardiac arrest. In this rhythm, the ventricles quiver and are unable to uniformly contract to pump blood. It is for this reason that early defibrillation is so imperative. A victim’s chance of survival diminishes rapidly over time once the heart goes into V-Fib; therefore, each minute counts when initiating defibrillation.  \nThere are two types of VF, fine and course. Course VF usually occurs immediately after a cardiac arrest and has a better prognosis with defibrillation. Fine VF has waves that are nearly flat and look similar toasystole. Fine VF often develops after more prolonged cardiac arrest and is much more difficult to  \ncorrect.  \nCourse VF  \nVentricular Tachycardia  \n􀁸 Stable vs Unstable  \n􀁸 Pulse vs No Pulse  \nVentricular Tachycardia (VT) can present itself with or without a pulse. When a VT is present and the victim has no pulse, the treatment is the same as the VF. High dose shocks for defibrillation will give the best chance for converting the patient out of pulseless VT.  \nCritical Care Training Center [ACLS123.com](ACLS123.com) 818.766.1111 Page 1  \nPulseless Electrical Activity  \nPulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) occurs when the heart is beating and has a rhythm, it can be any rhythm, but the patient does not have a pulse. Always treat the patient, not the rhythm.  \n1. Problem or Possible correctable causes (H’s & T’s)  \n2. Epinephrine 1mg 1:10,000 – give to anyone WITHOUT a pulse  \nIn order to treat pulseless rhythm, bradycardia, or tachycardia, identification of the possible underlying causes is essential.  \n􀁸 Hypovolemia  \n􀁸 Hypoxia  \n􀁸 Hydrogen ion (acidosis)  \n􀁸 Hypo-/hyperkalemia  \n􀁸 Hypothermia  \n􀁸 Tension pneumothorax  \n􀁸 Tamponade, cardiac  \n􀁸 Toxins  \n􀁸 Thrombosis, pulmonary  \n􀁸 Thrombosis, coronary  \nAsystole  \nAsystole is when there is no detectable cardiac activity on EKG. It may occur immediately after cardiac arrest or may follow VF or PEA. Asystole may also follow a third degree heart block. Treatment of asystole is the same as PEA. The American Heart Association recommends that if a patient is in sustained Asystole for 15 minutes, it is reasonable to call the code, but involve the family in the decision if they are available.  \nCritical Care Training Center [ACLS123.com](ACLS123.com) 818.766.1111 Page 2  \nRhythms with Pulse – Bradycardia & Blocks  \nBradycardia  \nBradycardia occurs when the heart is beating too slow (\u003C50 beats per minute) . If symptomatic, provide oxygen, given Atropine 0 .5mg up to 3mg and call for the transcutaneous pacemaker.  \nIn Sinus Bradycadia, the SA node fires at a rate slower than normal for a person’s age. Athletes may have heart rates less than 50 due to their physical conditioning. Obviously, they would not need treatment. It is possible for patient to have a heart rate of 50 and be asymptomatic; however, if a patient with a heart rate of less than 50 has signs of poor perfusion, begin treatment with oxygen and Atropine 0.5mg  \nFirst-Degree AV Block – ALL P WAVES CONDUCTED BUT DELAYED  \nFirst-Degree AV Block = prolonged PR interval (>0 .20 seconds or 5 small boxes on the ECG strip)  \nIn the first-degree AV block, all of the components of the ECG strip are normal except the PR interval. What happens in this situation is that the impulse from the SA node is delayed at the AV node. All impulses are, however, conducted following the delay.  \nCritical Care Training Center [ACLS123.com](ACLS123.com) 818.766.1111 Page 3  \nSecond-Degree AV Block ","cbCaisrveC9DSuPV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisrveC9DSuPV","pdf",1107739,"English","# Cardiac Arrhythmias\n## Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib / VF)\n## Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)\n## Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)\n## Asystole\n## Rhythms with Pulse: Bradycardia & Blocks\n### Bradycardia\n### First-Degree AV Block\n### Second-Degree AV Block Type I (Mobitz I)\n### Second-Degree AV Block Type II (Mobitz II)\n### Third-Degree (Complete) AV Block","[{\"question\":\"Why is early defibrillation critical for ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib)?\",\"answer\":\"V-Fib occurs immediately after cardiac arrest and causes ineffective ventricular contraction. Survival chances diminish rapidly over time, so defibrillation should be initiated as quickly as possible—each minute matters.\"},{\"question\":\"How should pulseless electrical activity (PEA) be treated?\",\"answer\":\"Treat the patient, not the rhythm. Focus on identifying possible correctable causes (the H’s \\u0026 T’s) and administer epinephrine 1 mg (1:10,000) to anyone without a pulse.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key differences between second-degree AV block type I (Mobitz I) and type II (Mobitz II)?\",\"answer\":\"Mobitz I shows progressive lengthening of the PR interval with dropped QRS complexes. Mobitz II keeps the PR interval the same but has dropped QRS complexes, typically below the AV node, and is generally more serious—transcutaneous pacing is usually recommended.\"}]","ECG & Pharmacology - Study Guide - Cardiac Arrhythmias | PDF",1790188783]