[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-590189-105":59,"doc-detail-590189-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","earning-to-learn-working-while-enrolled-in-tennessee-article","Earning to Learn: Working While Enrolled in Tennessee - Article","","Earning to Learn investigates how working while enrolled affects postsecondary outcomes in Tennessee. Using 17 years of statewide student-level longitudinal records, the study analyzes degree completion, time to degree, credit accumulation, and grade point average, while examining variation by college sector, employment industry, and student characteristics. Results show consistent negative associations between work and academic success, strongest at higher work intensity: students earn fewer credits, are less likely to complete college, and among completers graduate more slowly despite similar GPA and credit completion rates.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/earning-to-learn-working-while-enrolled-in-tennessee-article/590189/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/earning-to-learn-working-while-enrolled-in-tennessee-article/590189.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Adam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What data and scope does the study use to examine working while enrolled?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study leverages 17 years of statewide student-level records from Tennessee public postsecondary institutions, covering relationships between working while enrolled and multiple academic outcomes.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does working while enrolled relate to degree completion and time to degree?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Working students are 4 to 7 percentage points less likely to complete college; among those who complete, working students tend to take longer to graduate.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Does working while enrolled affect grade point average (GPA) and credit completion rates?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The study finds moderately lower attempted credits and no substantial decline in GPA or credit completion rates for working students relative to nonworking peers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},590189,1792191605,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","AERA Open  \nJanuary-December 2023, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1–16 DOI: 10. 1177/23328584221140410  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© The Author(s) 2023. [https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero](https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero)  \nEarning to Learn: Working While Enrolled in Tennessee  \nColleges and Universities  \nWalter G. Ecton  \nCollege of Education, Florida State University  \nCarolyn J. Heinrich  \nPeabody College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University  \nCeleste K. Carruthers  \nHaslam College of Business, University of Tennessee  \nAlthough some students choose to work while enrolled in college, others may have no choice but to work, even if work maybe detrimental to their chances of succeeding in college. Leveraging 17 years of statewide student-level records from Tennessee, the authors examine the relationship between working while enrolled and degree completion, time to degree, credit accumulation, and grade point average. The authors aim to increase understanding of how the timing and intensity of work relate to student outcomes and to explore how these relationships differ by college sector, industry of employment, and student characteristics. The authors find consistent negative associations between work and academic success, especially at higher levels of work intensity. Working students attempt and earn fewer credits and are 4 to 7 percentage points less likely to complete college. Among completers, working students take longer to graduate, even though they earn similar grade point averages and complete their attempted credits at similar rates to nonworking students.  \nKeywords: postsecondary success, employment, adult students, longitudinal data  \nCommon conceptions of work and college attendance depict them as mutually exclusive pathways after high school or as activities that young adults choose to do for a specific benefit, for example, to earn spending money or to obtain practical work experience in their field of study prior to graduation. In fact, 43% of full-time students and 81% of part-time students work while enrolled in college (Hussar et al., 2020; National Center for Education Statistics, 2018) . For a growing number of students, however, there is no choice between college and work. As the cost of college has outpaced inflation and household earnings, many students are working both to support themselves and the direct costs of their higher education, even when they are aware of the potential drawbacks of working while enrolled (Goldrick-Rab & Kendall, 2016; Robotham, 2012) .  \nThe preponderance of evidence to date on working while enrolled in college suggests that on average, working has detrimental effects on a student’s educational outcomes (seethe review by Neyt et al., 2019). Yet we know less about how these effects vary by student characteristics and intensity of their work, as well as the type of educational institution they  \nattend. The reasons that college students work vary, as do the number of hours they work, when they work, the types of jobs they do, and where the work takes place. In a recent review of the literature on working college students, Remenick and Bergman (2021) distinguished “students who work”(and prioritize their studies) from “employees who study” (and prioritize their work) and called for more research to better understand differences in how students combine work full-time or part-time with studies full-time or part-time. Indeed, as working has become the norm among college students, it is important to expand and update our knowledge on the effects of working while enrolled on students’ educational progress and outcomes.  \nWe use statewide longitudinal data from all students enrolled in Tennessee public postsecondary institutions to examine the relationship between working while enrolled and postsecondary outcomes. We begin by looking at patterns in work among s","cbCaiuF8oLluGgnn","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuF8oLluGgnn","pdf",1183243,16,"English","# Introduction\n## Prevalence and motivations for working while enrolled\n## Gaps in existing evidence\n# Data and Methods\n## Statewide longitudinal data from Tennessee public institutions\n# Findings\n## Work prevalence by institution type\n## Associations with credits, GPA, and completion","[{\"question\":\"What data and scope does the study use to examine working while enrolled?\",\"answer\":\"The study leverages 17 years of statewide student-level records from Tennessee public postsecondary institutions, covering relationships between working while enrolled and multiple academic outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"How does working while enrolled relate to degree completion and time to degree?\",\"answer\":\"Working students are 4 to 7 percentage points less likely to complete college; among those who complete, working students tend to take longer to graduate.\"},{\"question\":\"Does working while enrolled affect grade point average (GPA) and credit completion rates?\",\"answer\":\"The study finds moderately lower attempted credits and no substantial decline in GPA or credit completion rates for working students relative to nonworking peers.\"}]","Earning to Learn: Working While Enrolled in Tennessee - Article | PDF",1792069033]