[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-590271-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-590271-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","earned-credit-could-be-lost-article","Earned Credit Could be Lost - Article","","The study examines how earned credits are lost for engineering transfer students who began at in-state community colleges, using data from both sending and receiving institutions. Credit loss is visualized across the full bachelor’s degree pathway, showing that it can occur in multiple stages, including high school dual enrollment, advanced placement credits, and community college coursework. Results inform degree pathway design and policy choices that support successful transfer and timely degree completion.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/earned-credit-could-be-lost-article/590271/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/earned-credit-could-be-lost-article/590271.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Adam","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What does the article focus on regarding transfer students?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It focuses on credit mobility and credit loss for engineering transfer students, especially those starting at in-state community colleges.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does credit loss affect the degree pathway?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Credit loss can occur throughout the entire degree pathway, including dual enrollment, advanced placement, and community college credits, potentially delaying progress toward the bachelor’s degree.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What methods does the study use to analyze credit loss?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The study uses transcript and degree audit reports from both sending and receiving institutions to map how students use and lose credits, then quantifies and disaggregates the loss.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},590271,1792122841,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":125},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","AERA Open  \nJanuary-December 2024, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 1–15 DOI: 10. 1177/23328584241289377  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© The Author(s) 2024. [https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero](https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero)  \nEarned Credit Could be Lost Credit  \nAmy Jo Richardson  \nDavid B. Knight  \nVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University  \nBeginning the path to a bachelor’s degree in community college has the potential to be a more cost-effective higher education option. Previous research on transfer students has focused broadly on curriculum alignment, articulation policies, and academic advising in efforts to reduce credit loss. Credit loss can significantly impact transfer students and result in unnecessary time and costs for them. Minimal research quantifies and visualizes credit loss or explains in detail how and why it occurs throughout students’entire education trajectories. This study visualizes credit loss for bachelor’s programs seeking engineering transfer students who began at in-state community colleges using data from the sending and receiving institutions. Findings revealed that credit loss can occur throughout the entire degree pathway, including high school dual enrollment and advanced placement credits to community college credits. This work has implications for informing degree pathways and policies that promote successful transfer and degree completion.  \nKeywords: community colleges, engineering education, higher education, curriculum, descriptive analysis, credit loss, transfer students, excess credit, Sankey diagram, credit mobility  \nIntroduction  \nMost students enter community college intending to transfer and earn at least a bachelor’s degree. However, only 25% of students actually transfer within 5 years, and only 17% earn a bachelor’s degree (Horn & Skornsvold, 2011; Jenkins & Fink, 2015) . The students who ultimately transfer from a community college to a university perform as well as first-time college students who begin their education at the receiving institution (Glass & Harrington, 2002; Melguizoet al., 2011). For example, one study using National Student Clearinghouse data found that 76% of transfer students ultimately graduate at the most competitive institutions compared with 75.5% of first-time college students at those same institutions (Glynn, 2019). Although most students who ultimately transfer are successful in earning their bachelor’s degree, a significant percentage is still not successful after transfer, and a larger group of community college students who had intended to transfer and earn a bachelor’s degree ultimately did not follow that path. Thus, much more work needs to be done to realize the potential of the transfer pathway. The engineering pathway in particular has been described as long and inefficient, with calls for more focused work on engineering coursework and transfer policies to improve student success (Blash et al., 2012) . For the transfer pathway to be a viable option for engineering students, we need to know more about course sequencing between sending and receiving institutions, the transfer pathways that successful transfer students take, and student performance after  \ntransfer (Grote et al., 2020; Ogilvie, 2014; Smith & Van Aken, 2020) .  \nOne of the issues at the heart of successful transfer pathways is the mobility of credits across institutions—moving credits from one institution to another is a critical process for the transfer pathway to be a viable option (Jenkins & Fink, 2015; Monaghan & Attewell, 2015; Wyner et al., 2019) . Most transfer students experience at least some credit loss, but little is known about the factors—both student-related and institutional factors—that most contribute to this loss (Giani, 2019) . Furthermore, there is a difference between credits that transfer to an institution versus credits that are applied toward a","cbCaipBtc0ifelTx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipBtc0ifelTx","pdf",599834,15,"English","# Introduction\n## Credit loss and transfer mobility\n## Distinguishing transferred credits from degree-applicable credits\n## Study approach and implications","[{\"question\":\"What does the article focus on regarding transfer students?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on credit mobility and credit loss for engineering transfer students, especially those starting at in-state community colleges.\"},{\"question\":\"How does credit loss affect the degree pathway?\",\"answer\":\"Credit loss can occur throughout the entire degree pathway, including dual enrollment, advanced placement, and community college credits, potentially delaying progress toward the bachelor’s degree.\"},{\"question\":\"What methods does the study use to analyze credit loss?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses transcript and degree audit reports from both sending and receiving institutions to map how students use and lose credits, then quantifies and disaggregates the loss.\"}]","Earned Credit Could be Lost - Article | PDF",1792069213,38]