[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-112810-en":3,"doc-seo-112810-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},112810,1374391974468,"Eden","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",8,"Research & Report","Early Rainfall Shocks and Later-Life Outcomes - Evidence from Colombia","This paper uses birth cohorts spanning several hundred locations over 40 years to examine the long-term consequences of in utero exposure to abnormal rainfall events in Colombia. The identification strategy exploits exogenous variation in extreme droughts or floods experienced by individuals while in utero in their birth location. Prenatal exposure to adverse rainfall shocks is linked to higher rates of serious mental illness, fewer years of schooling, increased illiteracy, and lower labor market participation. Effects are stronger in areas with higher malaria risk, consistent with infectious and parasitic disease channels.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nThe World Bank Economic Review, 34(1), 2020, 179–209 doi: 10.1093/wber/lhy014 Article  \nEarly Rainfall Shocks and Later-Life Outcomes: Evidence from Colombia  \nBladimir Carrillo  \nAbstract  \nThis paper uses birth cohorts spanning several hundred locations over 40 years to examine the long-term consequences of in utero exposure to abnormal rainfall events in Colombia. The identification strategy exploits exogenous variation in extreme droughts or floods experienced by individuals while in utero in their birth location. The results indicate that individuals prenatally exposed to adverse rainfall shocks are more likely to report serious mental illness, have fewer years of schooling, display increased rates of illiteracy, and are less likely to work. These results are larger in magnitude for individuals born in areas with a higher risk of malaria, which is consistent with the notion that exposure to infectious and parasitic diseases may play an important role.  \nJEL classification: I15, O13, O15  \nKeywords: drought, heavy precipitation, early life health, later-life outcomes  \n1. Introduction  \nIt is now widely recognized that emissions of greenhouse gas will alter the global climate, causing extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods, to become more frequent. One prominent body of work highlights that these extreme weather events may have persistent effects on human capital acquisition and welfare, especially for children in the developing world. The prenatal programming theory indicates that individuals exposed to an unhealthy environment during a sensitive period of fetal development are likely to suffer from a number of health and developmental difficulties that persist throughout life (Barker 1997; Seckl 1998) . Since health is both a type of human capital and a contributor to other forms of human capital (Becker 2007), increasing attention is being paid to the long-run impacts of a variety of early life shocks, including epidemics (Almond 2006; Barreca 2010; Venkataramani 2012), maternal stress (Aizer, Stroud, and Buka 2016), and even food availability (Lindeboom, Portrait, and van den Berg 2010;  \nBladimir Carrillo is a professor in Department of Economics at the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco and in the Department of Rural Economics at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, AV Ph Rolfs, Viçosa, BR 36570-000; his email address is [bladimir.bermudez@ufv.br. I thank my](bladimir.bermudez@ufv.br. I thank my) advisor Jose Gustavo Feres for his invaluable advice and mentoring on this project. I thank Eric Edmonds and three anonymous referees for guidance and suggestions that greatly improved the paper. I also thank Danyelle Branco, Carlos Charris, Micheliana Costa, Wescley Freitas, Wilman Iglesias, Juan Trujillo, Raul Velilla, Ian Trotter, and participants at various seminars for helpful comments on previous drafts of this research. I am grateful to the Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE) and the International Development Research Centre (Ottawa, Canada) for substantial funding for this project. A supplementary online appendix for this article can be found at The World Bank Economic Review website.  \n© The Author(s) 2019 . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK.  \nAll rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [journals.permissions@oup.com](journals.permissions@oup.com)  \nDownloaded from [https://academic.oup.com/wber/article/34/1/179/5317175 by International Monetary Fund user on 23 June 2021](https://academic.oup.com/wber/article/34/1/179/5317175 by International Monetary Fund user on 23 June 2021)  \n180 Carrillo  \nAlmond and Mazumder 2011) .1 Recent notable work has documented that exposure to higher rainfall in early life has positive effects on health, educational, and socioeconomic outcomes (Dinkelman 2017; Maccini and Yang 2009). 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