[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-461426-105":59,"doc-detail-461426-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","early-onset-type-2-diabetes-a-comprehensive-review-from-adolescence-to-adulthood","Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review From Adolescence to Adulthood","","Type 2 diabetes mellitus, traditionally associated with adulthood, is increasingly diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. This review examines early-onset type 2 diabetes by outlining distinctive clinical features, key underlying mechanisms, and major implications across growth and development. Disease onset is driven by interactions among genetic susceptibility, lifestyle exposures, and metabolic changes over time. Patients must manage a lifelong condition, requiring integrated care that combines lifestyle modification, pharmacologic options, and psychosocial support. The shift from pediatric to adult systems is a critical continuity period. The article frames early-onset type 2 diabetes as a pressing public health challenge, advocating early screening, healthier environments, and family-centered interventions to reduce burden on individuals and healthcare systems.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/early-onset-type-2-diabetes-a-comprehensive-review-from-adolescence-to-adulthood/461426/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/early-onset-type-2-diabetes-a-comprehensive-review-from-adolescence-to-adulthood/461426.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Anna Hans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-09","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How is early-onset type 2 diabetes defined compared with adult-onset diabetes?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Type 2 diabetes diagnosed before age 40 is classified as early-onset, while diagnosis after age 50 is termed adult-onset diabetes.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why is early-onset type 2 diabetes considered more concerning than later-onset disease?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review highlights that individuals with early-onset diabetes face higher risks of complications and mortality than those diagnosed later in life.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What factors are linked to the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes among youth?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The text attributes increasing prevalence to high-calorie diets, limited physical activity, and genetic predisposition, with elevated BMI identified as a major risk factor.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},461426,1791219078,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":105,"preview_page_count":4},5909892332657,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Review began 11/19/2025  \nReview ended 12/03/2025  \nPublished 12/10/2025  \n© Copyright 2025  \nAlomari et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0. , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited.  \nDOI: 10.7759/cureus.98896  \nOpen Access Review Article  \nEarly-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review From Adolescence to Adulthood  \nNasser A. Alomari 1 , Mohammed S. Alghamdi 2, 3, Ghadah A. Algarni 4, Mutaz A. Ezzatallah 5 , Rawan A. Barakat 6 , Amer Edris 7, Faisal Alfageeh 8, Zeyad H. Althumali 9, Aseel S. Felemban 10  \n1. Family Medicine, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, SAU 2. Internal Medicine, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, SAU 3. Pulmonology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, SAU 4. Neurosurgery, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah, SAU 5. General Practice, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU 6. General Practice, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU 7. Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU 8. Family Medicine, King Fahad General Hospital, Al-Baha, SAU 9. Preventive Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, SAU 10. General Practice, Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah, SAU  \nCorresponding author: Nasser A. Alomari, [nasser.alomari@gmail.com](nasser.alomari@gmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nType 2 diabetes mellitus, traditionally considered a disease of adults, is increasingly being diagnosed in younger individuals, including adolescents and young adults. This review provides a comprehensive examination of early-onset type 2 diabetes, focusing on its unique characteristics, underlying mechanisms, and clinical implications. The condition develops through interactions between genetic susceptibility, lifestyle factors, and metabolic changes during growth and development. Youth diagnosed with type 2 diabetes face the challenge of managing a chronic disease over many decades of life. Effective management requires a multifaceted approach that addresses both medical and psychosocial needs, incorporating lifestyle modifications, appropriate pharmacological interventions, and coordinated healthcare delivery. The transition from pediatric to adult care represents a critical period requiring careful attention to ensure continuity of treatment. Early-onset type 2 diabetes represents a pressing public health challenge that demands a shift in focus from treatment to prevention, emphasizing early screening of at-risk youth, promoting healthy environments, and incorporating family-centered interventions to reduce the burden of this condition on individuals and healthcare systems.  \nCategories: Family/General Practice, Internal Medicine, Pediatrics  \nKeywords: adolescents, early-onset diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, β-cell dysfunction  \nIntroduction And Background  \nDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a global epidemic and a major cause of premature death. It affects one in 10 individuals aged 20 to 79 years, and diagnosis rates continue to rise worldwide [1] . The age at diagnosis determines whether diabetes is classified as adult-onset or early-onset. Type 2 DM (T2DM) diagnosed after age 50 is termed \"adult-onset diabetes,\" while T2DM diagnosed before age 40 is classified as early-onset T2DM [2,3] . The increase in early-onset T2DM cases is particularly concerning because individuals with early-onset disease face greater risks of complications and mortality than those diagnosed later in life [4] . The incidence of DM has increased from 56.02 per 100,000 in 1990 to 123.86 per 100,000 in 2021 [5] . Similarly, diabetes prevalence among younger populations has risen in the US. For example, the incidence of T2DM among adolescents aged 10-19 increased steadily from 9.0 per 100,000 in 2002 to 17.9 per 100,000 in 2018, reflecting an annual increase of 5 .3%[6] . Regional analyses reveal that adolescents aged 15 to 1","cbCainwV8Uz9s8VI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainwV8Uz9s8VI","pdf",149687,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction and Background\n## Age at diagnosis and definitions\n## Epidemiology and trends\n## Sex disparities and regional context\n## Risk factors and lifestyle contributors","[{\"question\":\"How is early-onset type 2 diabetes defined compared with adult-onset diabetes?\",\"answer\":\"Type 2 diabetes diagnosed before age 40 is classified as early-onset, while diagnosis after age 50 is termed adult-onset diabetes.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is early-onset type 2 diabetes considered more concerning than later-onset disease?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights that individuals with early-onset diabetes face higher risks of complications and mortality than those diagnosed later in life.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors are linked to the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes among youth?\",\"answer\":\"The text attributes increasing prevalence to high-calorie diets, limited physical activity, and genetic predisposition, with elevated BMI identified as a major risk factor.\"}]","Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review From Adolescence to Adulthood | PDF",1790761581]