[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-385514-105":59,"doc-detail-385514-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","early-gastric-cancer-update-on-prevention-diagnosis-and-treatment","Early Gastric Cancer - Update on Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment","","Gastric cancer is a major public health problem, with rising incidence and mortality worldwide. Recognized risk drivers include obesity, tobacco, meat intake, alcohol consumption, and several dietary or medication-related protective factors. Population-based surveillance and early detection help reduce morbidity and mortality, enabling minimally invasive management. Endoscopic resection is standard for low lymph-node-metastasis risk lesions, while surgical mini-invasive approaches may be used when endoscopy is not curative. This review synthesizes prevention, surveillance of precancerous conditions, and available early-treatment options.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/early-gastric-cancer-update-on-prevention-diagnosis-and-treatment/385514/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/early-gastric-cancer-update-on-prevention-diagnosis-and-treatment/385514.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"anakgang17","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Which factors are identified as main risk factors for gastric cancer in the review?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The review highlights Helicobacter pylori infection, tobacco smoking, high meat intake, obesity, and alcohol consumption as main risk factors.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does Helicobacter pylori contribute to gastric cancer risk?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Helicobacter pylori is described as a class I carcinogen and the main environmental risk factor for gastric cancer. Chronic infection can lead to gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma, and persistent infection increases GC risk compared with the general population.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What treatment approaches are discussed for early gastric cancer?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Endoscopic resection is presented as the gold standard for low lymph-node-metastasis risk lesions. For early lesions where endoscopy is not curative, surgical mini-invasive approaches can be considered, and the review summarizes available treatments overall.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},385514,1790723525,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},962090883568,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Review  \nEarly Gastric Cancer: Update on Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment  \nClara Benedetta Conti 1, *, Stefano Agnesi 2, Miki Scaravaglio 1, Pietro Masseria 2, Marco Emilio Dinelli 1, Massimo Oldani 3 and Fabio Uggeri 2  \nCitation: Conti, C.B.; Agnesi, S.; Scaravaglio, M.; Masseria, P.; Dinelli, M.E.; Oldani, M.; Uggeri, F. Early Gastric Cancer: Update on Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2149. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijerph20032149  \nAcademic Editors: Vincenza Gianfredi and Daniele Nucci  \nReceived: 24 December 2022  \nRevised: 22 January 2023  \nAccepted: 23 January 2023  \nPublished: 25 January 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Interventional Endoscopy, Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy  \n2 Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy  \n3 General Surgery Unit, Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy  \n* [Correspondence: benedetta.conti1@gmail.com](Correspondence: benedetta.conti1@gmail.com)  \nAbstract: Gastric cancer (GC) is a relevant public health issue as its incidence and mortality rates are growing worldwide. There are recognized carcinogen agents, such as obesity, tobacco, meat, alcohol consumption and some dietary protective factors. Strategies of early diagnosis through population-based surveillance programs have been demonstrated to be effective in lowering the morbidity and mortality related to GC in some countries. Indeed, the detection of early lesions is very important in order to offer minimally invasive treatments. Endoscopic resection is the gold standard for lesions with a low risk of lymph node metastasis, whereas surgical mini-invasive approaches can be considered in early lesions when endoscopy is not curative. This review outlines the role of lifestyle and prevention strategies for GC, in order to reduce the patients' risk factors, implement the surveillance of precancerous conditions and, therefore, improve the diagnosis of early lesions. Furthermore, we summarize the available treatments for early gastric cancer.  \nKeywords: early gastric cancer; gastric cancer; endoscopic submucosal dissection; Helicobacter pylori; upper endoscopy  \n1. Introduction  \nGastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth for incidence and fourth for mortality with over 1 million new cases and 768,000 deaths worldwide in 2020 . These numbers are predicted to increase by 2040 with 1.77 million new cases and 1.27 million deaths worldwide predicted. The incidence and mortality rates are higher in men (15.8 new cases and 11 deaths per 100,000 person-years) compared to women (7.0 new cases and 4.9 deaths per 100,000 person-years) [1] . Asia reports the highest incidence and mortality rates worldwide, with almost 820,000 new cases and 576,000 deaths in 2020, followed by Europe with more than 136,000 new cases and almost 97,000 deaths in 2020 [1] . Over 90% of GC cases are sporadic, whereas 10% of cases show a familial aggregation and 1–3% arise from inherited cancer syndromes. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of stomach cancer. Three main histologic subtypes can be described: intestinal type, diffusive type and indeterminate type adenocarcinoma. The WHO classification [2] distinguishes four major types of GC based on the predominant histologic pattern: tubular, papillary, mucinousand poorly cohesive. Moreover, there are some uncommon types of stomach cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and neuroendocri","cbCaif8jtR5IlGMQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaif8jtR5IlGMQ","pdf",3430549,21,"English","# Introduction\n# Prevention\n## Risk Factors\n## Helicobacter pylori\n# Diagnosis and Surveillance\n# Treatment Options","[{\"question\":\"Which factors are identified as main risk factors for gastric cancer in the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights Helicobacter pylori infection, tobacco smoking, high meat intake, obesity, and alcohol consumption as main risk factors.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Helicobacter pylori contribute to gastric cancer risk?\",\"answer\":\"Helicobacter pylori is described as a class I carcinogen and the main environmental risk factor for gastric cancer. Chronic infection can lead to gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma, and persistent infection increases GC risk compared with the general population.\"},{\"question\":\"What treatment approaches are discussed for early gastric cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Endoscopic resection is presented as the gold standard for low lymph-node-metastasis risk lesions. For early lesions where endoscopy is not curative, surgical mini-invasive approaches can be considered, and the review summarizes available treatments overall.\"}]","Early Gastric Cancer - Update on Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment | PDF",1790269685,53]