[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-405894-105":59,"doc-detail-405894-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","early-diagnosis-of-oral-cancer-a-complex-polyhedral-problem-with-a-difficult-solution","Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer - A Complex Polyhedral Problem with a Difficult Solution","","Oral and oropharyngeal cancers remain a major global health challenge, with hundreds of thousands of new cases and substantial annual deaths worldwide. Even with advances in diagnostic procedures and treatment over recent decades, mortality stays close to 50% because many patients are identified at advanced stages (III/IV). The central driver is diagnostic delay, which results in lower treatment efficacy and leads to serious challenges, mutilations, or disability. This work critically reviews diagnostic delay, its key causes, difficulties, and improvement strategies based on current evidence.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/early-diagnosis-of-oral-cancer-a-complex-polyhedral-problem-with-a-difficult-solution/405894/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/early-diagnosis-of-oral-cancer-a-complex-polyhedral-problem-with-a-difficult-solution/405894.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Maya Linwood","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why does oral cancer have a poor prognosis despite medical advances?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Mortality remains high because a large proportion of oral cancers are diagnosed in advanced stages (III/IV), where treatment has poor efficacy and outcomes are worse.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the main factor linked to late diagnosis in oral cancer?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Diagnostic delay is identified as a critical cause of cancers being diagnosed at advanced stages, worsening prognosis.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are causes of diagnostic delay categorized in the review?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review emphasizes that delay is complex and involves patients, healthcare professionals, and healthcare services, along with the difficulties and improvement strategies across these levels.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},405894,1790835111,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":26,"preview_page_count":4},962084928432,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","cancers   \nReview  \nEarly Diagnosis of Oral Cancer: A Complex Polyhedral Problem with a Difficult Solution  \nIsabel Gonz¡lez-Ruiz 1,2, Pablo Ramos-Garc½a 1,2, *, Isabel Ruiz-􀂁vila 2,3  \nand Miguel 􀂁ngel Gonz¡lez-Moles 1,2, *  \nCitation: González-Ruiz, I.;  \nRamos-García, P.; Ruiz-Ávila, I.; González-Moles, M.Á. Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer: A Complex Polyhedral Problem with a Difficult Solution. Cancers 2023, 15, 3270 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)cancers15133270  \nAcademic Editor: Dimitrios Moris  \nReceived: 5 May 2023  \nRevised: 16 June 2023  \nAccepted: 19 June 2023  \nPublished: 21 June 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; [isagonzru@gmail.com](isagonzru@gmail.com)  \n2 Instituto de Investigaciân Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; [iruizavila@gmail.com](iruizavila@gmail.com)  \n3 Hospital Universitario San Juan de Reus, CAP Marià Fortuny, 43204 Tarragona, Spain  \n* Correspondence: pabloramos@ugr.es or pramos@correo.ugr.es (P.R.-G.); magonzal@ugr.es (M.􀂁 .G.-M.)  \nSimple Summary: Oral and oropharyngeal cancers account for a worldwide incidence of 377,713 and 98,412 new cases annually and 177,757 and 48,143 deaths per year, respectively. Approximately 90% of oral malignancies are squamous cell carcinomas, showing a 5-year mortality rate still close to 50% . The poor prognosis of oral cancer is mainly related to its late diagnosis in advanced stages (stage III/IV), in which treatment is not effective. Therefore, reducing the delay in the diagnosis of oral cancer is an essential step in order to improve the outcomes and outlooks of patients affected by this disease. In this article, the diagnostic delay of oral patients is critically reviewed, jointly with their main reasons, difficulties, and future strategies for improvement.  \nAbstract: Oral and oropharyngeal cancers are a growing problem, accounting for 377,713 and 98,412 new cases per year all over the world and 177,757 and 48,143 deaths annually, respectively. Despite the substantial improvement in diagnostic procedures and treatment techniques in recent years, the mortality rate has not decreased substantially in the last 40 years, which is still close to 50% of cases. The major cause responsible for this high mortality is associated with the high percentage of oral cancers diagnosed in advanced stages (stages III and IV) where the treatment harbors poor efficacy, resulting in challenges, mutilations, or disability. The main reason for cancer to be diagnosed at an advanced stage is a diagnostic delay, so it is critical to reduce this delay in order to improve the prognosis of patients suffering from oral cancer. The causes of oral cancer diagnostic delay are complex and concern patients, healthcare professionals, and healthcare services. In this manuscript, oral cancer diagnostic delay is critically reviewed based on current evidence, as well as their major causes, main problems, and potential improvement strategies.  \nKeywords: oral cancer; early diagnosis; diagnostic delay; prognosis  \n1. Introduction  \nOral and oropharyngeal carcinomas represent a major problem in head and neck pathology due to their frequency as well as the serious consequences that still result from their involvement. Data derived from the most relevant organizations and institutions show that these neoplasms represent 377,713 and 98,412 new cases worldwide per year and 177,757 and 48,143 deaths per year, respectively (GLOBOCAN, IARC, WHO) [1] . It is very relevant and, in some sense, difficult to assume and explain the high mortality rate of these t","cbCaihj69jI9AWFQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihj69jI9AWFQ","pdf",16898948,24,"English","# Introduction\n## Epidemiology and clinical burden\n## Role of diagnostic delay\n## Context of advanced-stage diagnosis\n# Simple Summary\n## Worldwide incidence and outcomes\n## Importance of reducing delay\n## Review scope and future strategies","[{\"question\":\"Why does oral cancer have a poor prognosis despite medical advances?\",\"answer\":\"Mortality remains high because a large proportion of oral cancers are diagnosed in advanced stages (III/IV), where treatment has poor efficacy and outcomes are worse.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the main factor linked to late diagnosis in oral cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Diagnostic delay is identified as a critical cause of cancers being diagnosed at advanced stages, worsening prognosis.\"},{\"question\":\"How are causes of diagnostic delay categorized in the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review emphasizes that delay is complex and involves patients, healthcare professionals, and healthcare services, along with the difficulties and improvement strategies across these levels.\"}]","Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer - A Complex Polyhedral Problem with a Difficult Solution | PDF",1790562399]