[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-366413-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-366413-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","early-detection-of-digestive-system-cancers-insights-from-enzymatic-and-non-enzymatic-tumour-markers","EARLY DETECTION OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CANCERS: INSIGHTS FROM ENZYMATIC AND NON-ENZYMATIC TUMOUR MARKERS","","Digestive system cancer is described as a silent yet lethal disease and a major global cause of death, with colon cancer noted as a leading contributor. The study evaluates early detection of malignant transformation by analyzing biochemical tumour markers tied to digestive cancer progression. Serum levels of CEA, ENO1, AFP, and calprotectin (CP) were measured in cancer patients and matched healthy controls, alongside liver enzymes and BMI to support pathological change assessment. Significant between-group differences support these biomarkers as promising tools for early diagnosis.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/early-detection-of-digestive-system-cancers-insights-from-enzymatic-and-non-enzymatic-tumour-markers/366413/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/early-detection-of-digestive-system-cancers-insights-from-enzymatic-and-non-enzymatic-tumour-markers/366413.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Mabel","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the main goal of this study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To detect malignant cells early by analyzing biochemical indicators related to digestive cancer transformation using enzymatic and non-enzymatic tumour markers.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which tumour markers were analyzed?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a-enolase (ENO1), afetoprotein (AFP), and calprotectin (CP) measured from serum samples.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What were the key findings for the cancer group compared with controls?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The cancer group showed highly significant increases in CEA, ENO1, AFP, and CP, and also significant differences in liver enzymes and BMI, supporting their potential for early diagnosis.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},366413,1790459627,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":55,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":102,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},7971474920318,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000ee537e6b0ca360?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1788430171632181674","J Med Biochem 2025; 44 (3) DOI: 10. 5937/jomb0-56390  \nUDK 577.1 : 61 ISSN 1452-8258  \nJ Med Biochem 44: 631–636, 2025 Original paper  \nOriginalni nau~ni rad  \nEARLY DETECTION OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CANCERS: INSIGHTS FROM ENZYMATIC AND NON-ENZYMATIC TUMOUR MARKERS  \nRANA DETEKCIJA KARCINOMA DIGESTIVNOG SISTEMA:  \nSAZNANJA IZ ENZIMSKIH I NEENZIMSKIH TUMORSKIH MARKERA  \nThualfeqar Almohanna 1, Furqan Moein Auda2, Basim M. Ali2  \n1Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Iraq  \n2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq  \nSummary  \nBackground: Digestive system cancer is a silent yet dangerous disease and represents a major cause of death worldwide. Among these cancers, colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. This study aimed to detect malignant cells early by analyzing biochemical indicators associated with the transformation of digestive cancer cells. Tumour markers, primarily proteins associated with malignant cells, may play a role in preventing the spread and progression of the disease.  \nMethods: In this study, the tumour markers analyzed included carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a-enolase (ENO1), afetoprotein (AFP), and calprotectin (CP) to detect digestive system cancer. These markers were measured in serum samples from sixty patients with digestive system cancer (the patient group) and sixty healthy individuals (the control group) .  \nResults: The results revealed highly significant changes (pvalue \u003C0 .00001) in the levels of CEA (56 . 698±44 .558 ng/mL), ENO1 (51 .784±10 .395 ng/mL), AFP (116 .275± 38.956 ng/mL), and CP (287 .425±33 .181 ng/mL) in the cancerous group compared to the control group, suggesting their potential utility in early diagnosis. Furthermore, significant differences (p-value \u003C0 .05) in liver enzymes and body mass index (BMI) provided additional evidence of pathological changes.  \nConclusions: The biomarkers investigated in this study demonstrate promising potential for early diagnosis while contributing to a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying digestive system cancers.  \nKratak sadr`aj  \nUvod: Karcinomi digestivnog sistema su tihi, ali opasni maligniteti i predstavljaju jedan od vode}ih uzroka smrtnosti {irom sveta. Me|u njima, karcinom kolona je druginaj~e{}i uzrok smrti povezanih s rakom na globalnom nivou. Cilj ove studije bio je rano otkrivanje malignih }elija analizom biohemijskih indikatora povezanih sa transformacijom }elija digestivnih karcinoma. Tumorski markeri, prvenstveno proteini povezani sa malignim }elijama, moguigrati ulogu u spre~avanju {irenja i progresije bolesti. Metode: U ovoj studiji analizirani su tumorski markeri: karcinoembrionalni antigen (CEA), a-enolaza (ENO1), a-fetoprotein (AFP) i kalprotekcin (CP) za detekciju karcinoma digestivnog sistema. Ovi markeri su mereni u serumskim uzorcima dobijenim od {ezdeset pacijenata sa karcinomom digestivnog sistema (grupa pacijenata) i {ezdeset zdravihispitanika (kontrolna grupa) .  \nRezultati: Rezultati su pokazali statisti~ki zna~ajne promene (p-vrednost \u003C0,00001) u nivoima CEA (56,698±44,558 ng/mL), ENO1 (51,784±10,395 ng/mL), AFP (116,275± 38,956 ng/mL) i CP (287,425±33,181 ng/mL) kod pacijenata sa karcinomom u pore|enju sa kontrolnom grupom,{to ukazuje na njihov potencijal za ranu dijagnostiku. Pored toga, zna~ajne razlike (p-vrednost \u003C0,05) u nivoima jetrenih enzima i indeksu telesne mase (BMI) pru`ile su dodatnedokaze o patolo{kim promenama.  \nZaklju~ak: Biomarkeri ispitani u ovoj studiji pokazuju obe-}avaju}i potencijal za ranu dijagnostiku, doprinose}i boljem razumevanju biolo{kih mehanizama koji le`e u osnovi karcinoma digestivnog sistema.  \nAddress for correspondence:  \nThualfeqar Almohanna  \nBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Iraq  \ne-mail: thualfeqar.almohannaª [uokufa.edu.iq](uokufa.edu.iq)  \nKeywords: carcinoembryonic antigen, a-enolase, a-fetoprotein, calprotectin, colon cancer, re","cbCaitFaaXHiWW23","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitFaaXHiWW23","pdf",292401,"English","# Summary\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of this study?\",\"answer\":\"To detect malignant cells early by analyzing biochemical indicators related to digestive cancer transformation using enzymatic and non-enzymatic tumour markers.\"},{\"question\":\"Which tumour markers were analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a-enolase (ENO1), afetoprotein (AFP), and calprotectin (CP) measured from serum samples.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key findings for the cancer group compared with controls?\",\"answer\":\"The cancer group showed highly significant increases in CEA, ENO1, AFP, and CP, and also significant differences in liver enzymes and BMI, supporting their potential for early diagnosis.\"}]","EARLY DETECTION OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CANCERS: INSIGHTS FROM ENZYMATIC AND NON-ENZYMATIC TUMOUR MARKERS | PDF",1790165420,15]