[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-378467-105":59,"doc-detail-378467-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","early-detection-of-breast-cancer-in-indonesia-barriers-identified-in-a-qualitative-study","Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Indonesia - Barriers Identified in a Qualitative Study","","Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Indonesia investigates why breast cancer is often detected late, increasing mortality. The study examines how Indonesia’s BPJS Kesehatan health services influence screening and diagnostic pathways after its introduction. Conducted in 2017 in Yogyakarta, it uses purposive maximum-variation sampling and in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis synthesizes findings from 25 participants to identify key barriers and inform improvements across care levels.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/early-detection-of-breast-cancer-in-indonesia-barriers-identified-in-a-qualitative-study/378467/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/early-detection-of-breast-cancer-in-indonesia-barriers-identified-in-a-qualitative-study/378467.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mary Man","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of the study on early breast cancer detection in Indonesia?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To investigate the state of health services in Indonesia regarding early detection of breast cancer after the introduction of BPJS Kesehatan.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the study conducted and who participated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study was conducted in 2017 in Yogyakarta and used purposive maximum-variation sampling. It included breast cancer patients, health care professionals, and healthy women without a history of breast cancer.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What barriers were identified that hinder timely breast cancer detection?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study found limited community knowledge, lack of urgency among patients, limited access to health facilities, and inconsistent adherence by health care professionals to screening and diagnostic guidelines.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},378467,1791297232,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},7421720224475,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","RESEARCH ARTICLE  \nEditorial Process: Submission:03/29/2023 Acceptance:08/20/2023  \nEarly Detection of Breast Cancer in Indonesia: Barriers Identified in a Qualitative Study  \nAjeng Viska Icanervilia1,2,3 *, Lina Choridah1, Antoinette D.I. Van Asselt2,4, Johanna P.M Vervoort2, Maarten J. Postma2,5, Anggraeni Ayu Rengganis1,3, Kardinah Kardinah6  \nAbstract  \nBackground: The lack of early detection in breast cancer management has been identified as the primary factor contributing to the high mortality rate. The introduction of BPJS Kesehatan, Indonesia’s national health insurance, was intended to ensure the provision of adequate health services for breast cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the current state of health services in Indonesia concerning the early detection of breast cancer, following the implementation of BPJS Kesehatan introduction. Methods: The study was conducted in 2017 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Subjects were recruited using a purposive sampling technique with maximum variation. The sample comprised breast cancer patients, health care professionals (HCPs), and healthy women from the general population with no history of breast cancer. The subjects’experiences and knowledge of health services regarding the early detection of breast cancer were investigated through in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize the results from interviews with 25 participants. Result: This study identified several issues that hinder the timely detection of breast cancer. The lack of both screening and diagnostic procedures emerged as a prominent obstacle in breast cancer management. The study identified the following barriers: (1) limited community knowledge about early detection; (2) . lack of urgency among patients to seek medical treatment; (3) limited access to health facilities; and (4) inconsistent adherence among health care professionals to guidelines for both screening and diagnostic procedures. Conclusions: This study revealed multiple factors contributing to the delay in breast cancer detection in Indonesia, leading to suboptimal management of the disease. It is crucial for the government to prioritize the improvement of enabling factors across all levels of care for early detection. These factors include initiatives to increase public awareness, improve access to health services, strengthen the referral system, and enhance health facilities.  \nKeywords: Breast cancer-early detection-early diagnosis-screening-health services-qualitative research  \nAsian Pac J Cancer Prev, 24 (8), 2749-2755  \nIntroduction  \nBreast cancer is the leading cause of death and morbidity among females worldwide in both developed and developing countries (Ji et al., 2020) . The incidence has been shown to increase in the developing nations, including Indonesia (Bray et al. , 2013) . According to Globocan (2018), the incidence rate in Indonesia was reported at 42 per 100,000 women (World Health Organization, 2018) . Similar to other developing countries, Indonesia experiences a high mortality rate because most cases were diagnosed at a later or advanced  \nstage (Ferlay et al., 2015; Coleman et al., 2008) . In fact, the mortality rate in Indonesia exceeds the global average (Coleman et al., 2008) .  \nThe high mortality rate associated with breast cancer can be attributed to the lack of early detection, including screening and timely diagnosis (Parsa et al. , 2006) . Early detection is important because it allows for less intensive, less toxic, and more cost-effective treatments with improved outcomes when localized cancer is identified (Freitas and Weller, 2015) . Although breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) can raise awareness and aid in early diagnosis,  \n1Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (Icanervilia, Choridah, Rengganis). 2Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical C","cbCaipSmUqW4MUN3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipSmUqW4MUN3","pdf",342446,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Methods\n## Participants and sampling\n## Data collection and analysis\n# Results\n## Identified barriers\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the study on early breast cancer detection in Indonesia?\",\"answer\":\"To investigate the state of health services in Indonesia regarding early detection of breast cancer after the introduction of BPJS Kesehatan.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the study conducted and who participated?\",\"answer\":\"The study was conducted in 2017 in Yogyakarta and used purposive maximum-variation sampling. It included breast cancer patients, health care professionals, and healthy women without a history of breast cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"What barriers were identified that hinder timely breast cancer detection?\",\"answer\":\"The study found limited community knowledge, lack of urgency among patients, limited access to health facilities, and inconsistent adherence by health care professionals to screening and diagnostic guidelines.\"}]","Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Indonesia - Barriers Identified in a Qualitative Study | PDF",1790230172,18]