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This report, commissioned by Quality and Qualifications Ireland with support from the National Academic Integrity Network, reviews e-proctoring literature, policies, practices, and stakeholder experiences across Irish and foreign higher education. It identifies adoption drivers, approaches, national and international uptake, implementation considerations, and case studies, then summarizes challenges, available services, alternatives, and institutional recommendations for integrating e-proctoring into assessment strategies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/e-proctoring-in-theory-and-practice-a-review/462258/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/e-proctoring-in-theory-and-practice-a-review/462258.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aria Callaghan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem drove the adoption of e-proctoring?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Invigilated examinations were impossible under lockdown conditions, which led to remote assessment alternatives. This stimulated interest in e-proctoring as a way to address academic integrity challenges.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does the report review and whose experiences are included?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It reviews e-proctoring literature, policies and practices, and experiences of higher education institutions, academic and professional support staff, students (including international students), and professional statutory and regulatory bodies.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the report assess implementation and decision-making for e-proctoring?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It examines adoption drivers and approaches, discusses implementation practicalities, includes case studies of successes and failures, and proposes a risk-based model to identify appropriate approaches.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},462258,1791473846,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962084926284,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","E-PROCTORING IN THEORY AND PRACTICE: A REVIEW  \nProfessor Paul Giller  \nA Report commissioned by  \nQuality and Qualifications Ireland  \nProfessor Paul Giller, October 2021.  \nFormer Registrar and Senior Vice President Academic at UCC Emeritus Professor of Ecology, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork  \nQQI Insights  \nE-proctoring in theory and practice: a review  \nForeword  \nSince the start of the COVID emergency, remote assessment has been high on everyone’s agenda across the education sector. Invigilated examinations were impossible under lockdown conditions and this led to the implementation of alternatives including remote examinations. The latter stimulated interest in e-proctoring.  \nIn response to this, and with the support of the National Academic Integrity Network (NAIN), Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI) commissioned a landscape review of e-proctoring (i) literature (ii) policies and practices and (iii) experiences of:  \n• Irish and foreign higher education institutions;  \n• academic and professional support staff;  \n• students, including international students;  \n• professional, statutory and regulatory bodies.  \nThe review aims to inform higher education academic staff and managers about the opportunities and challenges of implementing e-proctoring. It begins by looking at the main drivers for the adoption of e-proctoring, the various approaches that are used and the extent of the adoption nationally and internationally. It then considers the practicalities involved in implementing e-proctoring and follows-up this with some case studies, including successes and failures. The review goes on to explore some of the challenges that institutions will face when implementing e-proctoring, outlines some of the services that are available and presents some alternatives to e-proctoring. Thereview concludes with recommendations for institutions thinking about implementing e-proctoring.  \nAssessment is complicated and e-proctoring, like most items in the assessment toolkit, has limitations but in the right setting and properly implemented it can be useful. I believe that you will find the report interesting, insightful and practically useful when considering the integration of e-proctoring into your organisation’s assessment toolkit.  \nDr Padraig Walsh,  \nCEO, Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI)  \nThis report, produced by Professor Paul Giller, is both timely and apposite. On behalf of the National Academic Integrity Network, I would like to both congratulate Professor Giller on such a comprehensive and reflective report and thank QQI for facilitating its development and publication. As the COVID emergency struck, and all institutions had to find alternatives to traditional assessment methods, e-proctoring has gained prominence as a potential solution to the challenges to academic integrity that arise with remote assessment. Therefore, the guidance in this report will be very valuable in enabling reflection and in supporting the development of valid policies and practices. As the NAIN Chair, I have no hesitation in endorsing the report and recommending it to all of us as essential reading when constructing our approaches to remote e-proctoring as a part of our online education and assessment strategies.  \nMr William Kelly,  \nChair, National Academic Integrity Network (NAIN)  \nE-proctoring in theory and practice: a review  \n[3]  \nContents  \n1. Context and definition ..................................................................................................... 6  \n2. The academic/pedagogical rationale............................................................................ 9  \n2.1 Types of cheating...................................................................................................................................... 9  \n2.2 Extent of cheating ..............................................................................................................","cbCaitr7ggJqqA6i","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitr7ggJqqA6i","pdf",4116696,64,"English","# Context and definition\n## The academic/pedagogical rationale\n## Approaches to e-proctoring\n## Extent of use of e-proctoring\n## Practices and Policy approaches","[{\"question\":\"What problem drove the adoption of e-proctoring?\",\"answer\":\"Invigilated examinations were impossible under lockdown conditions, which led to remote assessment alternatives. This stimulated interest in e-proctoring as a way to address academic integrity challenges.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the report review and whose experiences are included?\",\"answer\":\"It reviews e-proctoring literature, policies and practices, and experiences of higher education institutions, academic and professional support staff, students (including international students), and professional statutory and regulatory bodies.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report assess implementation and decision-making for e-proctoring?\",\"answer\":\"It examines adoption drivers and approaches, discusses implementation practicalities, includes case studies of successes and failures, and proposes a risk-based model to identify appropriate approaches.\"}]","E-PROCTORING IN THEORY AND PRACTICE - A REVIEW | PDF",1790763709,161]