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Guided by a purposive sample of 38 instructors from Allama Iqbal Open University and Virtual University of Pakistan, the research gathers views on teaching responsibilities, instructional methods, technology and online resources, and assessment practices. Results from quantitative and qualitative data show online teaching differs from face-to-face teaching and requires a dedicated set of e-pedagogical competencies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/e-pedagogical-skills-of-online-instructors-an-exploratory-study/596122/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/e-pedagogical-skills-of-online-instructors-an-exploratory-study/596122.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Anna Hans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main purpose of the exploratory study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To describe the e-pedagogical skills mandatory for online instructors to teach their courses effectively.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the study participants selected?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A sample of 38 instructors was purposively selected from Allama Iqbal Open University and the Virtual University of Pakistan.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why are e-pedagogical skills important for online instructors?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Teaching online courses is not the same as face-to-face teaching, so instructors need specific competencies to manage learning environments, design instruction, and use technology effectively.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},596122,1792166763,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},5909892332657,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","E-Pedagogical Skills of Online Instructors: An Exploratory Study  \nFarhana Khurshid *  \nAbstract  \nThis study was conducted to explore the e-pedagogical skills of Instructors essential for online teaching. Online education is an emerging concept in Pakistan. Online education is a planned learning that normally occurs in a different place from teaching, and as a result it requires special skills for course design, instructions, and special methods of communication through technology. The main objective of the study was to provide a description of those pedagogical skills which were mandatory for online Instructors to teach their courses effectively. A sample of 38 Instructors was purposively selected from the Allama Iqbal Open University, and the Virtual University of Pakistan. These Instructorswere asked about their instructional responsibilities, method of teaching, the technology and online resources they used, and their assessment practices of students’ learning. Research instrument of the study was a questionnaire having three point Likert scale type questions, and two open-ended questions. The results of both quantitative and qualitative data indicated that teaching online courses is not the same as face-to-face teaching. The Instructor requires a set ofe-pedagogical skills to teach online courses. Online Instructors require a special set of e-pedagogical skills to teach online courses.  \nKeywords: Online distance education, Online teaching, E-pedagogical skills.  \n* Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi. Email: [f.khurshid@fjwu.edu.pk](f.khurshid@fjwu.edu.pk)  \nIntroduction  \nWe are living in the 21st Century; the technological advancement era, where technology has been permeated in all spheres of life including education as well. Many technologies have been added in teaching learning process to make it simpler and easier. There is a pedagogical shift in the ways how we teach and learn (Kim & Bonk, 2006) . Consequently, online distance education is gaining popularity all over the world and quality instruction is in demand (Kennedy, 2015) . The role of a faculty member in online education is different from face-to-face (formal) education (Moeller & Reitzes, 2011) . Instructors of online courses have to play multiple roles (Huang, 2018) . One is teacher asa facilitator, who facilitate online leaners in completing their course work and assignments. Online Instructors are responsible for maintaining effective online learning environment and ensure that their instructional material are well designed and packaged, and learners are provided with adequate information management skills (Huang, 2018) . They not only require a training to use the hardware and software, but also need to know, the specific teaching methods, in order to teach online courses effectively and successfully (Baran et al., 2011) . Therefore, it is important to identify the roles, competencies and pedagogical skills of online Instructors.  \nOnline learning  \nOnline learning has become a widespread method for providing education at both graduate and undergraduate levels since the 1990s and has been growing rapidly. It is getting popularity as it fulfils the needs of learners who are unable to attend the traditional classrooms, e.g. those who live in remote areas, those who are in full time job and work, and those who want to learn independently. There has been an important role played by the technology for the development and expansion of online education (Moon, 2008; Haddad et al, 2014) . However, it is not the technology which directly impacts on education but the ways in which teachers and learners interact with it (Moon, 2008; Haddad et al, 2014) . Thus there is a pedagogical shift in the ways how we teach and learn. The status of an Instructor in online education is very important, it is different from the status in formal education (Kim & Bonk, 2006, Redmond, 2011) . Since there is no face to ","cbCaivQRtUXYQcxx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivQRtUXYQcxx","pdf",588746,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Online learning\n# E-pedagogy","[{\"question\":\"What was the main purpose of the exploratory study?\",\"answer\":\"To describe the e-pedagogical skills mandatory for online instructors to teach their courses effectively.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the study participants selected?\",\"answer\":\"A sample of 38 instructors was purposively selected from Allama Iqbal Open University and the Virtual University of Pakistan.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are e-pedagogical skills important for online instructors?\",\"answer\":\"Teaching online courses is not the same as face-to-face teaching, so instructors need specific competencies to manage learning environments, design instruction, and use technology effectively.\"}]","E-Pedagogical Skills of Online Instructors - An Exploratory Study | PDF",1792082482]