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Dysregulated circRNA expression can promote carcinogenic and tumorigenic transformation by coordinating epigenetic modifications through extensive RNA and protein-binding domains. Review findings highlight circRNAs as emerging prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers, with expression patterns supporting early detection and criteria for genome-specific personalized medicine in cancer management.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/dysregulated-expression-patterns-of-circular-rnas-in-cancer-uncovering-molecular-mechanisms-and-biomarker-potential/332010/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/dysregulated-expression-patterns-of-circular-rnas-in-cancer-uncovering-molecular-mechanisms-and-biomarker-potential/332010.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ava Thompson","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What are circular RNAs (circRNAs) and why are they considered stable biomarkers?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"CircRNAs are covalently closed, non-coding RNA transcripts formed by back-splicing. Their enclosed structure makes them resistant to RNases, enabling long half-lives and reliable expression in multiple fluid samples.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How can dysregulated circRNA expression contribute to cancer development?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Dysregulated circRNAs can drive carcinogenic and tumorigenic transformation by orchestrating epigenetic modifications through RNA- and protein-binding interactions. These coordinated functions affect cancer cellular phenotypes and gene expression programs.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What functional mechanisms of circRNAs are highlighted in the review?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review emphasizes circRNAs as cis genome regulators that bind nucleic acid sequences and proteins. 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DeSouza 1, Kate J. Nielsen 1, Tara Jarboe 1, Michelle Carnazza 1, Danielle Quaranto 1, Kaci Kopec 1, Robert Suriano 1,2, Humayun K. Islam 1, Raj K. Tiwari 1,3 and Jan Geliebter 1,3, *  \nCitation: DeSouza, N.R.; Nielsen, K.J.; Jarboe, T.; Carnazza, M.; Quaranto, D.; Kopec, K.; Suriano, R.; Islam, H.K.; Tiwari, R.K.; Geliebter, J. Dysregulated Expression Patterns of Circular RNAsin Cancer: Uncovering Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarker Potential. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 384. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/biom14040384](doi.org/10.3390/biom14040384)  \nAcademic Editors: William W. Du and Feiya Li  \nReceived: 27 December 2023  \nRevised: 8 March 2024  \nAccepted: 14 March 2024  \nPublished: 22 March 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; [ndesouza@student.nymc.edu](ndesouza@student.nymc.edu) (N.R.D.)  \n2 Division of Natural Sciences, University of Mount Saint Vincent, Bronx, NY 10471, USA  \n3 Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA  \n* [Correspondence: jan_geliebter@nymc.edu](Correspondence: jan_geliebter@nymc.edu)  \nAbstract: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable, enclosed, non-coding RNA molecules with dynamic regulatory propensity. Their biogenesis involves a back-splicing process, forming a highly stable and operational RNA molecule. Dysregulated circRNA expression can drive carcinogenic and tumorigenic transformation through the orchestration of epigenetic modifications via extensive RNA and proteinbinding domains. These multi-ranged functional capabilities have unveiled extensive identification of previously unknown molecular and cellular patterns of cancer cells. Reliable circRNA expression patterns can aid in early disease detection and provide criteria for genome-specific personalized medicine. Studies described in this review have revealed the novelty of circRNAs and their biological ss as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers.  \nKeywords: circular RNAs; circRNA; circRNA function; circRNA application; cancer  \n1. Introduction  \nCircular RNA (circRNA) molecules represent a unique class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that exert their biological roles as stable, covalently closed, RNA transcripts that orchestrate a multitude of cellular functions. NcRNAs are classified based on structure and origin of biogenesis, which significantly determines their functional mechanisms. CircRNAs are classified into four main categories, including exonic, intronic, exon–intron, and intergenic [1] . Unlike linear ncRNAs, circRNAs represent pre-mRNAs that undergo a back-splicing process, forming an RNA molecule with joined 3′ and 5′ ends [2] . Due to their enclosed structure, circRNAs are resistant to RNases, enabling long half-lives and reliable expression patterns in various fluid mediums (i.e., blood, urine, gastric juices, lymph, etc.) [3] . This premise alone makes circRNAs attractive biomarkers for disease. In the last decade, the data have supported a significant role for ncRNAs in the development of many pathological conditions, especially cancer [4–7] . The up-and downregulation of ncRNAs have been identified as potent drivers of dysregulated protein-coding gene expression. This is attributed to their extensive, multi-ranged ability to orchestrate epigenetic modifications, drastically impacting carcinogenic phenotypes [8] . CircRNAs work as cis genome regulators, facilitated by their structural capacity to bin","cbCaih1LDVP8G7G5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaih1LDVP8G7G5","pdf",1405175,26,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction\n## Circular RNA biology and classification\n## Stability and biomarker rationale\n## Regulatory mechanisms (miRNA, protein binding, cis regulation)\n## Therapeutic resistance and clinical relevance\n# Figure 1. Physiological competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) axis of circRNAs","[{\"question\":\"What are circular RNAs (circRNAs) and why are they considered stable biomarkers?\",\"answer\":\"CircRNAs are covalently closed, non-coding RNA transcripts formed by back-splicing. Their enclosed structure makes them resistant to RNases, enabling long half-lives and reliable expression in multiple fluid samples.\"},{\"question\":\"How can dysregulated circRNA expression contribute to cancer development?\",\"answer\":\"Dysregulated circRNAs can drive carcinogenic and tumorigenic transformation by orchestrating epigenetic modifications through RNA- and protein-binding interactions. These coordinated functions affect cancer cellular phenotypes and gene expression programs.\"},{\"question\":\"What functional mechanisms of circRNAs are highlighted in the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review emphasizes circRNAs as cis genome regulators that bind nucleic acid sequences and proteins. It also notes decoy activity for microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins, enabling modulation of gene expression and post-translational outcomes.\"}]","Dysregulated Expression Patterns of Circular RNAs in Cancer - Uncovering Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarker Potential | PDF",1789996295,66]