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It summarizes current understanding of mechanisms, available therapeutic options, and future perspectives, while noting that dyslipidemia-specific randomized data in NENs remain 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is the main purpose of this review on dyslipidemia in NENs?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"To discuss current understanding and treatment of dyslipidemia in neuroendocrine neoplasms, focusing on the role of lipid-lowering agents, new therapeutic approaches, and future perspectives for cancer prevention and tumor-growth control.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How were the studies in this review selected?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"The authors performed an electronic search using PubMed, updated until December 2023, summarizing evidence from basic and clinical research on lipid-lowering agents in NENs.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"Which lipid-lowering agents and evidence types are highlighted in the results?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"The review mainly covers statins and notes conflicting data, while also discussing potential roles of ezetimibe, omega-3 fatty acids, fibrates, and PCSK9 inhibitors, based largely on evidence from other cancers and in vitro findings.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},328441,1790070381,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & 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\nREVIEW  \nDyslipidemia, lipid-lowering agents and neuroendocrine neoplasms: new horizons  \nRoberta Modica 1 ● Anna La Salvia 2 ● Alessia Liccardi 1 ● Alessia Cozzolino 3 ● Antonella Di Sarno1 ● Flaminia Russo 4 ● Annamaria Colao 1,5 ● Antongiulio Faggiano 4 ● on behalf of NIKE group  \nReceived: 31 January 2024 / Accepted: 29 February 2024 / Published online: 20 March 2024 © The Author(s) 2024  \nAbstract  \nPurpose Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies originating from cells with aneuroendocrine phenotype. The complex relationship between lipid metabolism and cancer is gaining interest and a potential anti-cancer effect of lipid lowering agents is being considered. This review aims to discuss the current understanding and treatment of dyslipidaemia in NENs, focusing on the role of lipid lowering agents, including new therapeutic approaches, and future perspectives as possible tool in cancer prevention and tumor-growth control.  \nMethods We performed an electronic-based search using PubMed updated until December 2023, summarizing the available evidence both in basic and clinical research about lipid lowering agents in NENs.  \nResults Dyslipidemia is an important aspect to be considered in NENs management, although randomized studies specifically addressing this topic are lacking, unlike other cancer types. Available data mainly regard statins, and in vitro studies have demonstrated direct antitumor effects, including antiproliferative effects in some cancers, supporting possible pleiotropic effects also in NENs, but data remain conflicting. Ezetimibe, omega 3-fatty acids, fibrates and inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) may enhance the regulation of lipid homeostasis, as demonstrated in other cancers.  \nConclusions Targeting dyslipidemia in NENs should be part of the multidisciplinary management and an integrated approach may be the best option for both metabolic and tumor control. Whether lipid lowering agents may directly contribute to tumor control remains to be confirmed with specific studies, focusing on association with other metabolic risk, disease stage and primary site.  \nKeywords Dyslipidemia ● lipid-lowering agents ● lipid metabolism ● neuroendocrine neoplasm ● neuroendocrine tumor ● cancer therapy  \n* Roberta Modica [roberta.modica@unina.it](roberta.modica@unina.it)  \n1 Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy  \n2 National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy  \n3 Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy  \n4 Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy  \n5 UNESCO Chair, Education for Health and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy  \nIntroduction  \nNeuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies originating from cells with a neuroendocrine phenotype, diffused in many organs and tissues, with variable aggressiveness and clinical behavior [1] . They mainly arise in the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tract and are mostly sporadic, but they can be associated with genetic syndromes [2] . NENs usually occur in adulthood orin elderly patients, usually show slow growing behavior, but metastases are often displayed already at diagnosis (40–76% of cases) and advanced stage negatively affects the prognosis [3] . Surgical treatment is preferred when feasible, but several therapeutic approaches used in diverse combinations and sequences are available, including somatostatin analogs, targeted therapies, peptide receptor  \nFig. 1 Interplay between lipids and","cbCaigmweVqgDSnD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigmweVqgDSnD","pdf",861068,12,"English","# Abstract\n# Purpose\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n## Neuroendocrine neoplasms overview\n## Lipid metabolism and cancer biology\n## Dyslipidemia and related metabolic risk","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of this review on dyslipidemia in NENs?\",\"answer\":\"To discuss current understanding and treatment of dyslipidemia in neuroendocrine neoplasms, focusing on the role of lipid-lowering agents, new therapeutic approaches, and future perspectives for cancer prevention and tumor-growth control.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the studies in this review selected?\",\"answer\":\"The authors performed an electronic search using PubMed, updated until December 2023, summarizing evidence from basic and clinical research on lipid-lowering agents in NENs.\"},{\"question\":\"Which lipid-lowering agents and evidence types are highlighted in the results?\",\"answer\":\"The review mainly covers statins and notes conflicting data, while also discussing potential roles of ezetimibe, omega-3 fatty acids, fibrates, and PCSK9 inhibitors, based largely on evidence from other cancers and in vitro findings.\"}]","Dyslipidemia, lipid-lowering agents and neuroendocrine neoplasms: new horizons | PDF",1789979787]