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This study assessed changes in inflammation and haemostasis indicators in 29 patients with combat-related hip, knee, elbow, or ankle injuries before surgery and on the first postoperative day, comparing results with 30 healthy controls. Coagulation, fibrinolysis, and inflammatory markers were analyzed using t-tests and Pearson correlation, showing baseline abnormalities that intensified 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Before and After Surgical Treatment  \nStanislav Bondarenko 1, Alfonso Alías Petralanda 2, Yuriy Prudnikov 3,*, Beniamin Oskar Grabarek 3, Dariusz Boro ´n 3, Piotr Ossowski 3, Volodymyr Filipenko 1, Frida Leontjeva 1, Vladislav Tuljakov 1 and Fedir Klymovytskyy 4  \nAcademic Editor: Emmanuel Favaloro  \nReceived: 28 November 2025  \nRevised: 26 December 2025  \nAccepted: 30 December 2025  \nPublished: 1 January 2026  \nCopyright: © 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Pathology, 80 Hryhoriia Skovorody Str., 61024 Kharkiv, Ukraine;  \nbondarenke@gmail.com (S.B.); filippenko1957@gmail.com (V.F.); frida@farfora.com (F.L.);  \n[osterixy@ukr.net](osterixy@ukr.net) (V.T.)  \n2 Hospital Clinic Barcelona, C/Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; [alias@clinic.cat](alias@clinic.cat)  \n[3](3 Collegium Medicum)[ Collegium Medicum](3 Collegium Medicum), [WSB University](WSB University), [1C Zygmunt Cieplak Str](1C Zygmunt Cieplak Str)., [41-300 Dabrowa Gornicza](41-300 Dabrowa Gornicza), [Poland](Poland); [bgrabarek7@gmail.com](bgrabarek7@gmail.com) (B.O.G.); [dariusz@boron.pl](dariusz@boron.pl) (D.B.); [drpiotrossowski@gmail.com](drpiotrossowski@gmail.com) (P.O.)  \n4 Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Donetsk National Medical University, 36-a Hasieva Str., 84401 Lyman, Ukraine; [klimovitskiyfedor@gmail.com](klimovitskiyfedor@gmail.com)  \n* [Correspondence: yuriy.prudnikov@wsb.edu.pl](Correspondence: yuriy.prudnikov@wsb.edu.pl)  \nAbstract  \nBackground/Objectives: Combat trauma involving large joints is associated with a high risk of thromboinflammatory complications. Early identification of laboratory markers for hypercoagulability is essential to optimise perioperative management. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of inflammation and haemostasis indicators in patients with combatrelated joint trauma and to identify the most informative markers for preoperative risk assessment. Methods: A total of 29 patients with combat injuries to the hip, knee, elbow, or ankle joints were examined. Blood samples were taken 1–3 days prior to surgery and again on the first postoperative day. Parameters of coagulation (e.g., PT, INR, fibrinogen, D-dimer, soluble fibrin complexes, antithrombin III), fibrinolysis, and inflammation (e.g., CRP, haptoglobin, sialic acid, ESR, LSI, LII) were analysed and compared to those of 30 healthy controls. Statistical analysis included Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation. Results: At baseline, patients demonstrated significant increases in inflammatory markers (CRP 64.2 ± 7.3 mg/L, ↑738.9%; haptoglobin 3.25 ± 0.4 g/L, ↑164.3%; ESR 46.8 ± 5.2 mm/h, ↑313.8%) and procoagulant activity (D-dimer 1.42 ± 0.18 µg/mL, ↑136.6%; fibrinogen 6.12 ± 0.51 g/L, ↑102.4%; soluble fibrin complexes 38.7 ± 4.9 mg/L, ↑597.3%), together with a reduction in antithrombin III activity (63.5 ± 6.2%, ↓39.5%) and prolonged fibrinolysis time (increase by 197%). Postoperatively, these abnormalities intensified, indicating a sustained thromboinflammatory response. Strong correlations were found between inflammatory and haemostatic markers. Conclusions: Combat trauma of large joints is associated with preoperative thromboinflammatory dysregulation, which is exacerbated by surgery. Monitoring specific biochemical and haematological markers—such as CRP, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and soluble fibrin complexes—may support preoperative risk assessment and postoperative monitoring strategies for hypercoagulable states in this high-risk group. These findings lay the groundwork for future prospective studies aimed at developing stratified therapeutic protocols and predictive models for thromboinflammatory complications in orthopaedic tr","cbCaihlxBk2PlHCp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihlxBk2PlHCp","pdf",259795,13,"English","# Abstract\n## Background/Objectives\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What clinical problem does the study address?\",\"answer\":\"Combat trauma involving major joints is linked to a high risk of thromboinflammatory complications, and the study focuses on identifying laboratory markers that can support perioperative risk assessment.\"},{\"question\":\"How were patients and control groups evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"Twenty-nine patients with combat-related injuries to hip, knee, elbow, or ankle joints provided blood samples 1–3 days before surgery and again on the first postoperative day, and results were compared with 30 healthy controls.\"},{\"question\":\"Which biomarkers showed key preoperative and postoperative changes?\",\"answer\":\"Inflammatory markers such as CRP and ESR and coagulation-related indicators such as D-dimer, fibrinogen, and soluble fibrin complexes increased preoperatively, and these abnormalities intensified after surgery.\"}]","Dynamics of Haemostatic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Combat-Related Injuries to Major Joints Before and After Surgical Treatment | PDF",1790761852,33]