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Cluster random sampling is applied with pretest and posttest to measure vocabulary change. Sentence-making, multiple-choice, and matching exercises assess understanding of concrete nouns, action verbs, and descriptive adjectives. Experimental results show a statistically significant score increase (71.68 to 73.92) supported by paired t-test (t = -5.209, p = 0.000).",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/duolingo-application-enriching-vocabulary-mastery-of-efl-students/425454/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/duolingo-application-enriching-vocabulary-mastery-of-efl-students/425454.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"vwvw","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What problem does the study target in EFL vocabulary learning?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study addresses limited vocabulary knowledge, low motivation, and lack of practice that hinder students’ language development.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How is students’ vocabulary improvement evaluated?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Students take pretests and posttests, assessed through sentence-making, multiple-choice, and matching exercises covering concrete nouns, action verbs, and descriptive adjectives.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What were the key findings for the experimental group using Duolingo?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The experimental group’s scores increased from 71.68 to 73.92, and the paired t-test showed a statistically significant difference (t = -5.209, p = 0.000).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},425454,1790695388,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},3985747874149,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/3a001161165b4dc3d9e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1790129441039064114","Duolingo Application: Enriching Vocabulary Mastery Of EFL Students  \nSelviana1 , Afrillia Anggreni1 Jamiluddin1  \n1Universitas Tadulako, Indonesia  \n*Correspondence: afri[llthe1st@gmail.com](llthe1st@gmail.com)  \nABSTRACT  \nThis research exposes vocabulary mastery of eleventh-grade students by utilizing Duolingo apps. Critical issues namely limited vocabulary knowledge, low motivation, and lack of practice had hindered students' language development. By employing a cluster random sampling method, the research involved a pretest and posttest to evaluate students' vocabulary before and after using the Duolingo application. Various vocabulary assessments in terms of making sentences, multiple-choice, and matching exercises were distributed to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of students' understanding in concrete nouns, action verbs, and descriptive adjectives. The results indicate that thereis a statistically increase of the students’ score in the experimental group from pretest to posttest (71.68 to 73.92). The results of the paired t-test also present a statistically significant difference (t = -5.209, p = 0. 000). In contrast, the control group using conventional techniques only showed a small increase from 71.68 to 73. 92, and the results of the t-test showed no significant difference (t = -1.430, p = 0. 166). This suggests that the Duolingo application effectively enhances students' vocabulary mastery and overall language proficiency. It can be concluded that integrating innovative teaching methods, such as gamified learning through Duolingo, can significantly boost students'motivation and engagement in language learning. Therefore, teachers can explore diverse teaching strategies that cater to various learning styles and encourage students to actively participate in language practice through interactive features of the application. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into the role of technology in language learning and its potential to transform traditional learning approaches.  \n1. Introduction  \nARTICLE HISTORY  \nPublished September 10th 2025  \nKEYWORDS  \nDuolingo Application, Vocabulary Mastery, EFL Students.  \nARTICLE LICENCE  \n© 2025 Universitas Hasanuddin Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0  \nVocabulary is one crucial aspect in learning English. It is a fundamental component of language proficiency and plays a primary role in how well learners speak, listen, read, and write (Richards & Renandya, 2022) . Vocabulary is a list of words and phrases organized alphabetically, and it is essential for students to expand their language skill (Asipiet al., 2023) . Mastery of vocabulary is a crucial element of English language acquisition as it bridges the success of the four language skills (Jiang et al., 2020; Rahman et al. , 2019; Ko et al., 2025) . A strong vocabulary base also supports the development of grammar, pronunciation, and overall communication skills. Therefore, mastering vocabulary is essential for achieving fluency and success in language learning (Weda et al., 2022; Mochammad et al., 2025; Cahyani et al. , 2025) . Thus, if we lack vocabulary, we cannot create good communication either oral or written.  \nIn the Emancipated Curriculum of Indonesia, teaching English vocabulary for Senior high school level is integrated with other language skills. The main focus of this curriculum is on increasing students' communicative competence in understanding and using English effectively based on real life situations and context. Nevertheless, numerous teachers and previous researchers confirm that many students still face challenges in learning vocabulary. Difficulties in pronouncing and spelling words, using words in sentences contextually and understanding their meaning are main issues in learning vocabulary. In addition, monotonous learning strategies and methods also result in limited vocabulary and comprehension. These issues are also experienced by the students of SMA 1 Dampal based on the information of","cbCaim3Q7Yb7KogA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaim3Q7Yb7KogA","pdf",351419,"English","# Introduction\n# Methodology","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the study target in EFL vocabulary learning?\",\"answer\":\"The study addresses limited vocabulary knowledge, low motivation, and lack of practice that hinder students’ language development.\"},{\"question\":\"How is students’ vocabulary improvement evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"Students take pretests and posttests, assessed through sentence-making, multiple-choice, and matching exercises covering concrete nouns, action verbs, and descriptive adjectives.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key findings for the experimental group using Duolingo?\",\"answer\":\"The experimental group’s scores increased from 71.68 to 73.92, and the paired t-test showed a statistically significant difference (t = -5.209, p = 0.000).\"}]","Duolingo Application - Enriching Vocabulary Mastery Of EFL Students | PDF",1790637344,15]