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This work prepares molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) using hyodeoxycholic acid methyl ester as a template, addressing VD3’s hydrophobicity and low polarity. Different monomers are evaluated, with 4-vinylpyridine plus divinylbenzene yielding strong binding capacity and imprinting factors. UV spectroscopy identifies an optimal VD3–monomer ratio of 1:4, computational modeling supports favorable VD3–4VP interactions, and styrene co-monomer enhances adsorption but reduces thermal stability. Overall, the MIPs show improved selectivity and recognition for VD3 over non-imprinted polymers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/dummy-templated-receptors-showing-enhanced-affinity-for-vitamin-d3/466344/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/dummy-templated-receptors-showing-enhanced-affinity-for-vitamin-d3/466344.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is determining Vitamin D3 (VD3) in biological matrices difficult?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"VD3 analysis is hindered by structurally related metabolites and the limited selectivity of conventional analytical sorbents.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What template and monomer system are used to prepare the MIPs?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"MIPs are prepared using hyodeoxycholic acid methyl ester as a template, with 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) as the functional monomer and divinylbenzene (DVB) as a crosslinker.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How is the performance of the MIPs evaluated and what improvements are reported?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"UV spectroscopy and computational modeling assess binding behavior, while experiments compare MIPs with non-imprinted polymers. 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El-Barghouthi 2, Börje Sellergren 3, Ali I. Ismail 2, Lubna Alrawashdeh 2, Talah Salman 4, Moh’d Moahand Ahmad Al-Dabet 5 and Eman Zmaily Dahmash 4,6  \nAcademic Editor: Huiqi Zhang  \nReceived: 19 November 2025  \nRevised: 5 December 2025  \nAccepted: 7 December 2025  \nPublished: 19 December 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Isra University, P.O. Box 22, Amman 11622, Jordan  \n2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; [musab@hu.edu.jo](musab@hu.edu.jo) (M.I.E.-B.); [ali.ismail@hu.edu.jo](ali.ismail@hu.edu.jo) (A.I.I.); [lubna.reyad@hu.edu.jo](lubna.reyad@hu.edu.jo) (L.A.)  \n3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden; borje.sellergren@mau.se  \n4 Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan; [talahsalman@gmail.com](talahsalman@gmail.com) (T.S.); [eman.zmaily@iu.edu.jo](eman.zmaily@iu.edu.jo) (E.Z.D.)  \n5 Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba (AUM), Amman 11821, Jordan; [m.dabet@aum.edu.jo](m.dabet@aum.edu.jo)  \n6 Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, London KT1 2EE, UK  \n* Correspondence: [abed.abdelqader@hotmail.com](abed.abdelqader@hotmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nVitamin D3 (VD3) is an essential micronutrient, but its analytical determination in biological matrices is often hindered by structurally related metabolites and the limited selectivity of conventional analytical sorbents. The preparation of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) using VD3 as a template is challenging due to its hydrophobic structure and lack of polar groups. Therefore, in this work, MIPs were prepared using the closely related structure hyodeoxycholic acid methyl ester as a template and tested for their adsorption capacity toward VD3 . Several MIPs were first prepared using different functional monomers, and the results showed that 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) monomer in combination with divinylbenzene (DVB) as a crosslinker exhibited a relatively high binding capacity and imprinting factor. UV spectroscopy indicated an optimal VD3–monomer ratio of 1:4, while computational modeling further confirmed favorable interactions between VD3 and 4VP. The effect of incorporating styrene as a co-monomer with 4VP was also investigated, showing an enhancement in adsorption capacity with a slight increase in the imprinting factor. However, TGA analysis revealed that the thermal stability of the MIPs decreased with higher styrene content. Overall, the prepared MIPs demonstrated improved selectivity and recognition of VD3 compared to the non-imprinted polymers, offering a promising approach for its selective extraction and quantification.  \nKeywords: molecularly imprinted polymers; vitamin D3; template–monomer interactions; vinyl pyridine; computational chemistry  \n1. Introduction  \nVitamin D (VD) is used both as a dietary supplement and in the treatment of deficiencyrelated conditions [1–4] . It is available in various pharmaceutical dosage forms, including tablets, capsules, oral drops, intravenous injections, and topical dosage forms as creams or ointments [5] . It is considered an essential element for all ages, specifically in the pediatric population, due to its vital role in bone mineralization and the maintenance  \nof bone integrity [6,7] . VD deficiency (VDD) has been linked to dental issues, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance [1,7,8] .  \nThe importance of VD was further highlighted by the observed correlation between VD levels and the severity","cbCaieqqOppq8oYv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieqqOppq8oYv","pdf",8490872,14,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why is determining Vitamin D3 (VD3) in biological matrices difficult?\",\"answer\":\"VD3 analysis is hindered by structurally related metabolites and the limited selectivity of conventional analytical sorbents.\"},{\"question\":\"What template and monomer system are used to prepare the MIPs?\",\"answer\":\"MIPs are prepared using hyodeoxycholic acid methyl ester as a template, with 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) as the functional monomer and divinylbenzene (DVB) as a crosslinker.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the performance of the MIPs evaluated and what improvements are reported?\",\"answer\":\"UV spectroscopy and computational modeling assess binding behavior, while experiments compare MIPs with non-imprinted polymers. The results indicate improved selectivity and recognition of VD3.\"}]","Dummy Templated Receptors Showing Enhanced Affinity for Vitamin D3 | PDF",35]